（独立中文笔会2008年7月22日）笔会表示高兴看到：中华人民共和国国务院五天前颁发《外国常驻新闻机构和外国记者采访条例》，同时废止了使用了近19年的《外国记者和外国常驻新闻机构管理条例》，将当天到期的《北京奥运会及其筹备期间外国记者在华采访规定》的临时政策正式化和长久化。但是，笔会也遗憾地指出，这个新条例仍然一本北京当局在人权问题上“内紧外松”的双重标准积习，在歧视中国记者和公民的新闻自由权方面，不但与以往更违背新闻自由准则的旧条例和相对宽松的奥运临时规定一脉相承，而且对内歧视因反差继续扩大愈加明显，对于中国公民尤其新闻工作者依然是一如既往的“同一个字眼，同一种耻辱”。为此笔会呼吁，中国政府必须放弃这种对本国公民的歧视政策，根据早已签署的联合国《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的统一标准，根据中国宪法保障公民言论自由等基本人权的原则，尽快制订一视同仁地保障中国新闻工作者基本权利的相应条例。
 
北京奥运有一个很动听的官方主题口号“同一个世界，同一个梦想”（One World, One Dream），早已证明只是留给世界的一张空头支票，因为中国当局从未显示出其梦想与中外民众的梦想是同一个——信守它以奥运开放新闻自由从而改善人权的承诺。保障外国记者自由采访权的奥运临时规定，或许能符合部分外国记者的梦想，但由此显示的对中国记者的歧视，尤其是对照国内新闻界和民众所遭受的“更快、更远、更强”控制和打压现实，倒成为对奥运平等精神的更明显反讽，令人更容易联想到以“种族歧视”臭名昭著的纳粹德国52年前主办柏林奥运时的“内外有别”，就如今年“奥运圣火”新闻效应不能不使人联系到当年首创这“圣火传递”的纳粹理念宣传，处处体现出“同一个字眼，同一种耻辱”（One Word, One Shame）。
 
在“奥运”字眼下，北京创纪录地花费了400多亿美元并吸引了六十多位国家元首和政府首脑参加了历史上最豪华最政治化的运动会，但也创纪录地迫使数百万的普通民众被迫离开北京等承办比赛或“奥运圣火”所到的城市，禁止国内其他城市的人尤其是异议人士和上访者前往，拒绝很多海外人士申请签证或凭有效证件如中国护照入境——甚至包括“一国两制”的香港，使狱中作家等良心犯人数不减反增。在“奥运”字眼下，北京宣布开放三个公园供游行示威，但没有批准77个申请中任何一个，反而将一些申请者包括两位年近八旬的上访老太太判了劳教（虽然在中外舆论谴责下取消），成为奥运之梦如何成为普通中国人噩梦的典型范例；在“奥运”字眼下，“三鹿毒奶粉”被隐瞒了至少一个多月，使抢救数万婴儿的新闻成为奥运梦醒后的最大丑闻……。正如家住北京的独立中文笔会前会长刘晓波所概括的，“北京奥运已经变成了政治奥运，金钱奥运，特别是恐怖奥运”！
 
五天前，美国笔会、加拿大笔会和独立中文笔会就奥运临时规定于当天到期，发布新闻稿及“奥运行动”总结报告《奥运聚光之后：评估中国的写作自由》，列举了三笔会自去年12月启动“我们为言论自由准备好了”文宣以来所记录的当局打压作家和媒体的行动，突显了许多人梦想将促进中国自由人权的奥运两个月以来作家和新闻工作者在中国的困难处境，得出了“奥运后中国人权改善令人不值”的结论。
 
三笔会新闻稿归纳报告细节如下：
 
1. 在中国的外国记者尽管假定有奥运临时规定保障新闻自由，但是在奥运之前和之中不断在中国各地被阻止自由地报导各种问题；
2. 中国新闻工作者从来没有获得提供给外国记者的那些新闻自由保障；
3. 中国继续对国内媒体上有争议的问题进行覆盖性审查;
4. 中国有至少12位作家在奥运前8个月中曾被拘留;
5. 中国监狱中的作家和新闻工作者比年初更多——今天至少44人，比一年前多4人;
6. 作家和异议人士遭到更强化的骚扰、软禁和拘禁，活动和交谈受到严密监视，包括在网上使用Skype交谈时。
 
报告特别突显了笔会在中国的会员过去的一年里为其活动所付出的高代价。国际笔会所属的独立中文笔会由250位国内外积极的异议作家组成，面临对其活动和会员的限制日渐增加，至少12名会员被软禁，或被阻止离开居住城市外出旅行，或因奥运被拒绝入境中国。
 
报告总结说：“我们的中国同仁和中国公民全体，仍没有看到他们的政府为了确获奥运主办权而承诺的人权改善的证据”，并呼吁中国政府：
 
1) 将为奥运会建立的新闻临时规定延期且使之长久，并将国内新闻工作者包括在这些保障之内；
2) 释放所有狱中作家和新闻工作者，并停止拘押、骚扰和审查作家和新闻工作者；
3) 终止互联网审查制度，并改革用于监禁作家和新闻工作者以及压制言论自由的法律。
 
笔会高兴地看到，中国国务院在临时规定到期前十五分钟公布了新条例，已经实现了以上呼吁第1条的前半部分，但遗憾的是它没有同时满足作为必要条件的后半部分，虎头蛇尾地继续扩大双重标准的对内歧视，为此笔会再次明确呼吁中国政府：尽快制订一视同仁地保障中国新闻工作者基本权利的相应条例。
 
美国笔会、加拿大笔会和独立中文笔会属于国际笔会在全世界的145个分会之列。国际笔会致力推进世界各地作家间的友谊和理性合作，为言论自由奋斗，代表世界文学的良知。有关《奥运聚光之后》报告和笔会致力于使系狱作家获释的其它信息，请参阅：www.pen.org/china2008, ，www.pencanada.ca和www.chinesepen.org。
 
联系人：
美国笔会拉里•赛姆斯（Larry Siems），（212） 334-1660 ext. 111， lsiems@pen.org
加拿大笔会玛莉安•博茨福特•弗雷泽（Marian Botsford Fraser），(416) 938-4204, mbf@pencanada.ca
独立中文笔会张裕，+46-8-50022792， wipc@penchinese.net

奥运聚光之后：评估中国的写作自由 

今天，2008年10月17日，保障国际新闻工作者能由中国自由报导的临时规定到期。 

中华人民共和国政府做出这些规定是基于它在2001年1月17日为正式申请主办2008年北京奥运会时的承诺：“记者报导奥运会将不受限制。”从最初承诺到奥运会的这些年，中国政府一再局限这个简洁的承诺，以致于2007年1月1日起生效的规定远离保障充分新闻自由的国际准则——最显著的事实就是，中国国内媒体完全被排斥在这些临时保护措施之外。 

无论如何，这些规定曾是中国对国际奥委会和全世界在奥运之前、之中和之后要改善人权的宽泛承诺中最明确具体的说法，并以此为国际新闻工作者提供了新的重要保证，也为评价中国是否兑现其奥运年的宽泛承诺提供了一个有形有意的基准。 

不幸的是，正如我们在2008年7月8日《未守承诺：关于中国言论自由的奥运年报告》中显示的——我们在此总结并更新，中国一再违背这些即使极受局限的临时规定。这个记录令人十分失望，国际传媒机构以至国际社会应该关注，这些最低的保护措施失效到期后对于在中国的外国新闻工作者意味着什么。 

笔会更大关注的还有对我们中国同仁的一直进行的限制，这些限制在趋向奥运时不减反增。正如本报告明示的，这些限制对于中国作家、新闻工作者和博客作者以及我们的独立中文笔会同仁，在过去一年里是一种重压，也严重制约了全体中国公民的信息和思想交流。 

对笔会而言，考察一个国家是否保护和保障言论自由的基本人权，要看其公民是否有自由调查和报导消息，发表或张贴他们的意见和批评，挑战官方正统观念，从事文学创作，而不必担心审查和迫害。即使奥运年的中国在世界众目睽睽之下，中国政府也一再显示对尊重和扩展这种权利缺乏诚意。如果主办奥运会是要鼓励人权在中国得以改善，这最初的回报无疑是令人气馁的。 

限制新闻自由 

尽管中国政府明确承诺在直到奥运会期间的那些月内允许国际新闻工作者自由报导，但记者和新闻机构过去一年内仍在中国遭到对新闻自由的侵犯，包括以下事件： 

1. 在三月以来镇压藏区的抗议期间，政府切断或干扰拉萨和其他藏区的电话和互联网服务，严重阻碍目击报告及其它诸如暴力蔓延、死亡人数上升等信息的传播。 三个月以后，“人权观察”证实有关当局继续没收移动电话、照相机、传真机和电脑，监听电话，审查和拦截电邮和互联网内容，并骚扰藏人以阻止他们与记者通讯及内外信息交流。

2. 三月以来，国际新闻工作者只被允许由政府组织安排下进入藏区，且在中国官员陪同和严密监视下。 试图自己进入西藏自治区和邻近的四川、青海、云南和甘肃省藏区的外国记者遭到扣留和驱逐。最近几星期只有在严密监护下才被允许在西藏旅行，去旅行的记者说由于安全因素增加，很少有西藏人愿意与他们说话。

3. 英国广播公司（BBC）、美国全国广播公司（NBC）、美联社、路透社及其他一些国际新闻机构被允许进入西藏报道奥运火炬6月21日在拉萨的传递——一项基于该地区重新加强保安和主要调整部署武警的活动。但是，这些新闻机构只被允许观看火炬通过拉萨的开始和结束。

4. 类似的控制也在受5月12日四川地震影响的地区实施。虽然政府允许了对救援行动的超常水准的现场直播，可是一旦注意力转向令中国官员可能难堪的问题，立即就上下一致地抑制——甚至封锁——新闻报道。仅举一例，6月12日法新社报导，至少6名外国媒体人员试图从都江堰的倒塌学校向外报导时，遭到粗暴对待、扣留，并被驱逐出该区域。

5. 7月29日，在北京官方奥运新闻中心工作的外国记者报导，国际特赦组织、BBC、自由亚洲电台的网站和其它一些人权网站被屏蔽。国际奥委会回应这个国际呼声，说注意到中国政府承诺在奥运之前、之中及之后的完全新闻自由，并将调查此事。但是，一位国际奥委会发言人承认“有些国际奥委会官员与中国达成妥协，一些敏感网站将基于被认为与奥运无关而被屏蔽”。虽然对国际特赦组织网站的审查不久即被解除，但是超过50个其它“敏感”网站，包括与西藏、法轮功及其它批评中国政府相关的网站在奥运期间仍然被屏蔽。

6. 8月4日，距北京奥运会开幕仅四天，在西部城市新疆喀什的武警遭袭，16人被杀。当记者大批涌向事发地点，官员迅速制止了他们对该事件报导。事例之一是，武警殴打并扣留了日本电视网记者胜田真司和《东京新闻》摄影记者川北真三，损坏了他们的设备。一位高级警官次日为此正式道歉。

7. 侵害甚至发生在奥运期间的北京。在比赛期间，当和平抗议突然出现在城市中——其中多数被迅速强行压制——影像和目击者陈述显示，便衣和其他警察屏蔽相机，驱赶记者，有时甚至粗暴对待那些带着采访证的人，直接违反了临时规定的条款。 一个明显的例子，英国独立电视新闻公司（ITN-TV）记者庄锐（John Ray）在北京的中华民族园拍摄一个支持西藏的抗议时，遭粗暴对待并被扣留。根据中国的外国记者俱乐部介绍，庄锐被警察扭倒，在地上拖拽并被推进一辆警车。他的设备被没收，并被指控参与了抗议。事件的录影显示庄锐的采访证清晰可见。

由于它们都针对或涉及国际新闻工作者和媒体机构，因此这些侵犯新闻自由准则和违反中国明确承诺的事件都通过奥运而受到大量的关注和批评。较少受到注意但笔会更为关注的事实是，中国新闻工作者不受假定外国记者被允许自由旅行和报导的临时规定保护，仍在中宣部的控制下并被要求遵守其指令。 

因此，这些主要的故事在中国新闻界未见报导，中国媒体也不提及奥运会期间在北京街头的示威。例如，一些中国记者参加了美国男子排球队在美国游客、排球队主教练休•麦卡琴的岳父托德•巴克曼遇刺后举办的新闻发布会，他们的笔记本被没收，和那个故事一样仍属于国内媒体的禁区。 而且，这照常是中国新闻审查者事务的另一标志是，那些逾越官方界限的国内新闻工作者继续受惩。例如，5月5日，《南都周刊》副主编长平发表了几篇在西藏问题上未与党的路线保持一致的社评后被撤职。 
 

以作家为目标 

监禁作家 

2007年12月10日，美国笔会、加拿大笔会与独立中文笔会启动“我们为言论自由准备好了”文宣行动，这一奥运年行动旨在使中国释放狱中作家和新闻工作者获释，并促使中国政府恪守其发展中国人权的奥运承诺。当时，笔会在追踪40位中国狱中作家和新闻工作者的个案。今天，至少44位中国作家和新闻工作者仍在中国监狱中，此外笔会还跟踪另10位最近获释但被严格限制人身自由和写作自由或随时可能被拘捕的作家。 

令人震惊的是，在启动这项行动到奥运会的10个月中有12位作家被捕： 

1、王德佳（笔名：荆楚）

网络作家和异议人士，2007年12月13日被捕，2008年1月12日在保证他不再写任何“攻击党和国家领导”、“煽动颠覆政权”及其它任何“政治性评论”的条件下获释。

2、胡佳

自由记者和博客作者，人权、环保和艾滋病活动人士，2007年12月27日被捕，2008年4月3日被宣判犯有“煽动颠覆罪”，目前在服其三年半徒刑。

3、加羊吉

著名藏族作家、记者、活动人士和歌唱家，2008年4月1日被捕，据报几星期后获释。

4、周远志

自由作家和独立中文笔会会员， 2008年5月3日被捕，2008年5月15日获释，被禁止未经警方批准离开当地出外地旅行，并被禁止与外界联系和发表文章。

5、陈道军

自由作家和记者，2008年5月9日被捕并被控“煽动分裂国家罪”。

6、 郭泉：

作家，前南京师大中文系副教授，2008年5月17日被捕，2008年5月28日获释。

7、冯正虎

维权人士、网络作家和自由记者，2008年6月5日被以涉嫌“故意扰乱公共秩序”拘留，2008年6月15日获释。

8、曾宏玲

作家，退休职工，在发表了有关她亲历5.12地震的文章后于2008年6月9日被捕。

9、黄琦

网络异议人士兼作家，天网人权事务中心管理员和创办人，2008年6月10日被捕。

10、杜导斌

作家、独立中文笔会会员，2008年7月21日被重新收监以服完其缓刑四年的三年徒刑剩余的两年四个月。

11、阿布露莎

维吾尔族记者，在“新疆人民广播电台”工作，8月因网络写作被捕，目前不知所在。

12、让炯

西藏作家，歌唱家和电视制作人，2008年9月11日在藏东安多果洛家中被捕，很可能因其网络写作，目前不知所在。 

自去年12月笔会开始这一行动以来被捕的所有作家，皆因在网上发表作品成为打压对象，表明中国当局控制网络言论的持续决心——明显侵犯国际法有关“通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受与传递消息和思想”的公民权利。 

笔会从2007年12月10日以来跟踪的所有作家的完整名录将作为本报告的附件。 

骚扰、压制批评声音 

在奥运会开幕之前，北京和中国其它地方的作家和异议人士被警告不得“制造麻烦”，并被要求在奥运期间远离首都。警察说，那些拒绝着将遭软禁。 

令笔会最感不安的是，独立中文笔会会员特别被针对，许多人被软禁在家或限制离开居住城市，而其他一些居住海外者则从8月至今被阻止进入香港或中国大陆。 

周远志是自由作家和独立中文笔会会员，因发表有关社会问题和官员腐败的评论文章，于2008年5月3日被湖北省钟祥市国家安全局以涉嫌“煽动颠覆”拘留，2008年5月15日获释，但在奥运期间仍被软禁在家。他目前被禁止未经警方批准离开当地出外地旅行，并被禁止与外界联系和发表文章。 

余杰是独立中文笔会理事，于奥运会和残奥会期间被警方在其北京居处设岗，每次外出时被跟踪。当局甚至在余杰需要交通工具时为他“开车”。 

刘荻女士于7月31日到8月25日及9月5日到9月18日均被软禁在北京家中。

一些独立中文笔会会员被警告不得访问北京或离开中国大陆，并被收缴护照。 

赵达功是居住深圳的独立中文笔会理事，在残奥会于9月17日结束后只被允许去河北省探访父母，但仍未被允许访问北京或离开中国。这些限制未被告知期限。 

蒋亶文是居住上海的独立中文笔会副秘书长，奥运会期间护照被没收，现与其香港通行证一起被归还。他被告知在10月1日中国国庆日之后可以访问北京。 

温克坚居住杭州，李建强居住青岛——在被取消律师资格之前曾代理过10位狱中作家，在奥运会和残奥会期间均被限制离开居住城市外出旅行，目前被通知10月去北京或海外旅行不受干扰。 

昝爱宗是居住在杭州的记者，8月31日在上海浦东机场被阻止离境参加在日内瓦的一个人权会议。 

一些居住在海外有的仍持有中国护照的独立中文笔会会员被拒绝进入中国大陆和香港。 

张裕博士是居住瑞典的笔会狱委协调人和前秘书长，4月在奥运火炬传递到香港之前被拒绝入境。 

盛雪女士是加拿大公民，独立中文笔会和加拿大笔会会员，8月7日在香港被拒绝入境，尽管此前曾多次获准进去。不过，盛雪女士自从参与1989年民主运动后就不被允许进入中国大陆。 

张小刚博士是持澳洲护照的笔会现任秘书长，桂民海博士来自德国的笔会候补理事，他们在奥运期间被拒绝进入香港。8月5日，当他们去台湾参加一个人权会议途中很容易就进入了香港，但在8月12日返回澳洲和德国时却被拒绝进入香港。桂在当天被遣返台湾，张拒绝支付返台机票而在第二天被遣送回澳洲。当局声称，在他们一周前还访问过香港后突然被拒绝进入，是因为奥运期间有不同的尺度。 

奥运后限制的一个混乱例子是，张小刚10月8日持签证打算从香港进入中国大陆，但在广东深圳罗湖边境检查站受阻并被扣留，行李和身体被当局搜查，一些书刊被没收，然后被遣返香港。 

其他一些不是独立中文笔会会员的知名作家同样成为骚扰目标。 

唯色是西藏作家、新闻工作者和诗人，与其作家丈夫王力雄居住在北京，因当局警告要她奥运期间离开北京，决定回拉萨探亲。她于8月17日到达，8月21日却被警方扣留了8小时。唯色被指控拍摄军队和警察的照片，这些军队和警察自三月骚乱以来在首府拉萨大量出现。她在8月23日被迫离开母亲的家回到北京，但其行动自由仍受到严格限制。 

曾金燕是系狱作家胡佳的妻子，人权活动人士和网络作家，8月7日在北京失踪。后被发现她被关在远离首都的大连，在比赛期间一直被扣留到闭幕式前一天的8月23日才获释，现在北京家中与小女儿谦慈一起被监视居住。 
 

结论和建议 

2007年1月1日开始生效的奥运之前、之中和之后有关外国记者在中国报导的临时规定今天到期。规定表示允许所有外国记者与任何消息来源谈论任何话题，并减少那些在中国如此严密约束信息流通的障碍。 

美国笔会、加拿大笔会和独立中文笔会已经认定，中国政府尽管先有希望和许诺，但在整个临时规定的有效期间并未信守它对国际奥委会和媒体以及对中国公民和国际社会的承诺。相反，言论自由的总体环境在临时规定有效的最后十个月里恶化，当世界在2008年8月8日到8月24日注势着这个国家时，更有一种特别令人失望的推力来压制言论自由权。比起2007年12月，今天有更多的作家和新闻工作者在监狱里，而监狱外的异议作家和新闻工作者则面临对其人身自由和能够畅所欲言的严格限制。 

10月初，开放网络行动（OpenNet Initiative）的研究揭示，中国政府利用Skype的美国母公司eBay和中国网通集团的合资企业聊天软件Tom-Skype，一直在监视异议人士和其他网络用户。据报导，当局跟踪那些使用西藏、法轮功和民主等关键词的用户。同时，“中国万里防火长城”继续存在，阻止中国公民自由访问互联网，并针对探讨敏感政治事务和观点——并就其发声的那些人进行骚扰、拘留和可能的监禁。 显而易见，我们的中国同仁和中国公民全体，仍没有看到他们的政府为了确获奥运主办权而承诺的人权改善的证据。 

世界是否错过机会说服中国恪守这些承诺？ 或者相信主办奥运会引导中国允许其公民有更大的自由过于天真？随着奥运聚光的消退，这些问题应是国际奥委会、世界各国政府和非政治组织认真考虑的。  

同时，笔会继续承诺维护我们的中国同仁和全体中国公民，通过任何媒介自由地寻求、接受与传递信息和思想且不受国界约束，表达自我不受禁制并无惧迫害或监禁，旅行和结社不受限制。 

我们因此呼吁中国政府： 

1. 将为奥运会建立的新闻临时规定延期且使之长久，并将国内新闻工作者包括在这些保障之内；
2. 释放所有狱中作家和新闻工作者，并停止拘押、骚扰和审查作家和新闻工作者；
3. 终止互联网审查制度，并改革用于监禁作家和新闻工作者以及压制言论自由的法律。

中国系狱作家名单

（截至2008年10月17日） 

1、阿布露莎（Mehbube Ablesh）

维吾尔作家、诗人、原乌鲁木齐国营“新疆人民广播电台”职工，2008年8月被开除和拘捕。她被认为因张贴批评中国政府和新疆自治区领导的文章而遭拘捕。据信她被关押在乌鲁木齐，但没有公开披露她被控罪的任何详情。 

2、陈道军

自由作家和记者，2008年5月9日被四川省成都市金堂县公安局以“煽动分裂国家罪”拘留，很可能是基于他在3月西藏抗议事件后发表的一篇文章，宣布向藏族人民致敬，维护他们的基本权利，谴责中国政府对抗议者的暴力镇压。他还写过反对政府工程项目和有关北京奥运会政治的文章，目前被关押在金堂县公安局看守所。 

3、陈树庆

异议作家、被禁的中国民主党（CDP）浙江党部领导人，2006年9月14日被捕，控以“煽动颠覆罪”。陈案曾因缺少证据两次被退回公安局，但在2007年8月14日陈被判四年徒刑并剥夺政治权利一年。2007年10月29日，浙江高级人民法院未经审理驳回其上诉。目前陈被关押在浙江省杭州市乔司监狱。 

4、杜导斌

作家、独立中文笔会会员，2008年7月21日被重新收监以服完其缓刑四年的三年徒刑剩余的两年四个月。杜曾于2004年6月11日因其26篇文章中的175字被认定犯有“煽动颠覆政权罪”。现在他被指在网上发表100余篇文章，离开本市，未经警方允许接待访客等行为违反缓刑期规定。目前他不知所在。 

5、郭起真

网络异议人士，2006年5月12日被捕，因其34篇发表在海外网站上抨击中共领导人的文章，被控以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”，于2006年10月17日被判四年徒刑和剥夺政治权利三年。郭目前被关押在河北省石家庄第四监狱，据报他的断腿需养护，可能因受虐待而心理脆弱。  

6、达瓦坚赞

西藏异议人士，因撰写倡导独立的宣传册于1995年11月被捕，该宣传册作为1995年4月广泛抗议中国当局的组成部分被张贴。达瓦被判以“反革命宣传煽动罪”，现正在服15年徒刑，目前被关押在臭名昭著的拉萨扎布奇监狱。据报道，他在受审时曾遭酷刑，在监狱里饱受虐待，包括拷打、精神折磨和禁止放风。当他刚被捕时，曾被戴上手铐，扔进黑牢里断食十天之久。  

7、江白加措

青海省达长塔宗寺僧侣，为寺刊《日月之魅》（The Charm of the Sun and Moon）编辑。江白于2005年1月16日被捕，被判劳教三年。目前被关押在西宁附近的湟中县多巴劳教所。  

8、哈达

内蒙古学术书店业主，地下刊物《内蒙古之声》创办人、主编，于1995年12月10日被捕。1996年12月6日，以“煽动分裂国家和间谍罪”被判处十五年徒刑、剥夺政治权利四年。哈达目前被关押在赤峰市内蒙古第四监狱，正患有胃肠炎和冠心病。  

9、何德普

异议人士、作家，于2002年11月4日被捕，随后以“煽动颠覆罪”被判八年徒刑，剥夺政治权利二年。他被控参与被禁的中国民主党(CDP)及网络文章，整个审判仅两个小时。目前被关押在北京第二监狱。据报道，他在监狱里饱受折磨，殴打致残。 

10、贺彦杰

在2007年6月25日被拘留前为自由撰稿记者，作为齐崇怀的研究助理调查当地的腐败和社会不公，2007年8月2日被以“敲诈勒索罪”被正式逮捕，11月2日其案被移送山东滕州市人民检察院——晚于法律规定的限期一个月，2008年5月13日在滕州市人民法院审理，被判二年徒刑，目前被关押在滕州市监狱。 

11、胡佳

自由记者和博客作者，人权、环保和艾滋病活动人士，2007年12月27日在家以涉嫌“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被拘留，2008年1月30日被北京市人民检察院正式批捕，3月7日其案被移送检察院，3月18日开庭审判，4月3日被判三年半徒刑，剥夺政治权利一年。现关押在北京市监狱，据报由于监狱条件而健康恶化。 

12、黄金秋（笔名：清水君）

网络评论家、作家和记者，于2003年9月13日被捕，并因“组织、策划、从事颠覆活动”以及在网上撰写“反动”文章被判处12年徒刑、剥夺政治权利四年。在狱中的最初两年，黄曾遭严刑拷打。近来他的状况有所改善，并被减刑22个月。现被关押在江苏南京市浦口监狱。 

13、黄琦

网络异议人士兼作家，天网人权事务中心管理员和创办人，2008年6月10日在四川省成都市被捕。他最后被见到是三个不明身份者将其强行塞如一辆小汽车，后来被确认以涉嫌“非法持有国家秘密罪”被关押在成都市公安局看守所。他的被拘押，可能是由于他对政府处理512四川地震的批评。黄于2008年9月23日最终被允许会见律师。 

14、卡拉什·侯塞因

维吾尔语《喀什噶尔文学》期刊编辑，因于2004年末发表努尔莫哈提杨亚辛的短篇小说《野鸽子》而被捕。中国当局认为该小说批评了新疆维吾尔自治区的政府现状。侯塞因被判三年徒刑，将于2008年刑满。  

15、靳海科

地质工作者、作家，2001年3月13日与徐伟、杨子立、张宏海一起被捕，原因是他们参加“新青年学会”──由关注政治和经济不平等问题，用互联网传送相关文章的个人非正式聚会。2003年5月28日，靳以颠覆罪被刑十年徒刑，目前被关押在北京市第二监狱，据报患有多种原因不明的疾病。  

16、孔佑平

网络作家和工人，因在海外网站发表反腐败的5篇文章和7首诗，于2003年12月13被捕。2004年9月16日，孔以“颠覆国家政权罪”被判十五年徒刑，经上诉被减刑到十年。他目前被关押在辽宁省凌源市监狱，据报患有高血压和视力恶化。  

17、卓玛嘉

作家、教师，因其未发表的著作《不平静的喜马拉雅》（The Restless Himalayas）被控危害国家，于2005年3月9日在西藏拉萨被捕。该书共57章，分别写有各个不同的主题：民主、西藏主权、共产主义下的西藏、殖民主义、宗教和信仰等等。在秘密审判中，卓玛以“间谍罪”和“非法越境罪”被判处十年半徒刑。2007年7月，据报他从拉萨的曲水监狱转到西宁劳改农场，并患有重病。  

18、李志

网络作家、四川省达州市政府财政官员，在海外网站上发表指控四川官员腐败的文章后，于2003年8月11日被捕。2003年12月10日，李以“颠覆国家政权罪”被判八年徒刑和剥夺政治权利四年。证据由雅虎将其使用者的信息提供给当局。他目前被关押在大竹县四川省第三监狱。 

19、吕耿松

作家、维权人士，其批评当局的文章在网上发表后，2007年8月24被拘留，9月29日以“煽动颠覆国家政权”被正式逮捕，2008年1月22日在杭州市中级人民法院开庭审判，2月5日被定罪判四年徒刑和剥夺政治权利一年，4月14日被浙江省高级人民法院闭门审理驳回上诉，目前被关押在杭州市西郊监狱。 

20、陆建华

中国社科院研究员，公共政策研究副主任，中国发展策略执行主任，于2005年4月被控“泄漏国家机密”给驻香港记者程翔被捕。2006年12月18日，经过仅90分钟的秘密审判后，被判二十年徒刑，据报现在北京某监狱被关押禁见。  

21、卢正奇

法轮功学员、网络作家，因在网络上发表“传播邪教成员被害的谣言玷污政府形象”的文章，2004年2月19日被判处十年徒刑。该文指控一法轮功学员在监狱里遭受虐待。 

22、阿卜杜勒加尼·梅梅特民

新疆维吾尔自治区作家、教师和翻译，于2002年7月26日被捕，被指控向“东土耳其斯坦信息中心”（ETIC）提供信息，该团体为一个在德国的维吾尔流亡人士组成的维吾尔人权及倡导独立的团体。2003年6月，梅梅特民被喀什噶尔中级人民法院以“非法向外国组织提供国家秘密”判处九年徒刑。据报道，他在审判时没有法定代理人，并且在监狱里一直受到折磨。  

23、宁先华

网络作家、工人，在网上发表支持组建工会和中国民主党(CDP)的文章后，2003年12月13日被捕。2004年9月16日，宁以“颠覆国家政权罪”被判十二年徒刑，经上诉后被减刑至八年，目前被关押在辽宁省沈阳监狱。  

24、让炯

西藏作家，歌唱家和电视制作人，2008年9月11日在藏东安多果洛家中被捕。未见公开控罪，但恐其被捕与其在博客上发表的有关保护西藏文化的观点有关。让炯发表了两本有关西藏文化和历史的书：《纯粹的忠诚》和《喜玛拉雅希望之声》。目前他不知所在。 

25、齐崇怀

记者，因在新华网发表一篇指控山东台州党官腐败的文章，于2007年6月25日被拘留，8月2日以“敲诈勒索罪”被正式逮捕，11月2日其案被移送山东滕州市人民检察院——晚于法律规定的限期一个月，2008年5月13日在滕州市人民法院审理11小时后被四年徒刑，目前被关押在滕州市监狱，曾遭法警虐待。 

26、师涛

记者、诗人和独立中文笔会会员，在将当局有关在六四屠杀十周年期间控制媒体的消息电邮发表后，于2004年12月14日被逮捕，2005年4月30日以“非法向境外提供国家秘密”罪名被判刑十年和剥夺政治权利两年。雅虎公司向当局提供了他的用户信息。他目前被关押在湖南省常德市德山监狱。 

27、孙林（笔名孑木）

海外中文网站《博讯新闻网》记者，在发表一些包括犯罪和警方暴行等敏感话题的文章后，于2007年5月30日被捕。他的妻子何芳也被指控并判缓刑。2008年6月27日，孙林以“聚众扰乱社会秩序罪”和“非法持有枪支罪”被判刑4年，宣判时其家人和律师均未到场。他在被捕前已记载了警方对他的多次骚扰，目前被关押在江苏省南京市浦口监狱。 

28、陶海东

网络作家兼编辑，2002年7月9日在新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市家中上网贴文章时被捕，以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被判七年徒刑和剥夺政治权利三年，目前被关押在新疆昌吉监狱。 

29、拖乎提·吐尼雅孜（笔名：穆查特）

维吾尔历史学者兼作家，1998年4月1日在乌鲁木齐作研究旅行时被捕，当时他是日本东京大学研究维吾尔历史和民族关系的博士生。2000年2月15日，吐尼雅孜以“盗窃国家机密和煽动民族分裂”被判十一年徒刑和剥夺政治权利两年，目前被关押在乌鲁木齐的新疆维吾尔自治区第三监狱。 

30、王小宁

网络作家、异议人士，因2000至2002年在互联网上发表文章，以颠覆罪名于2002年9月1日被捕。在雅虎公司向中国当局提供其用户信息后，王于2003年7月25日被判十年徒刑和剥夺政治权利两年。他目前被关押在北京市第二监狱，据报遭虐待。 

31、吴义龙

网络作家、中国民主党（CDP）活动人士，因在互联网上散发主张民主的文章和参与《在野党》杂志工作，于1999年6月被捕，9月9日以颠覆罪被判十一年徒刑，目前关押在杭州的浙江省第四监狱。 

32、徐伟

《消费报》记者，2001年3月13日与靳海科、杨子立、张宏海一起被捕，原因是他们参加“新青年学会”──由关注政治和经济不平等问题，用互联网传送相关文章的个人非正式聚会。2003年5月28日，徐以颠覆罪被刑十年徒刑。他目前被关押在北京市第二监狱，在狱中曾遭虐待，为此多次绝食。 

33、徐泽荣

广州中山大学研究员，因研究中国军队在朝鲜战争中的行动而被加以“泄露国家机密和非法经营”罪名，于2000年6月24日被捕，2001年12月20日被判十三年徒刑。他目前在广州专门关押老弱病残犯人的西村监狱，饱受病痛之苦。 

34、严正学

异议作家、画家和独立中文笔会会员。因在海外网站上发表批评文章，于2006年10月18日被捕，与2007年4月13日以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被判三年徒刑和剥夺政治权利一年，目前被关押在浙江省衢州市的十里坪监狱。 

35、杨茂东（笔名：郭飞雄）

异议作家、独立出版人、维权人士，2006年9月14日被捕，2007年11月14日以“非法经营罪”被判五年徒刑。他在关押中严遭酷刑，包括拷打、不让睡觉、捆吊、用电棍触击等。据报导，他曾因虐待而试图自杀。2007年12月13日，杨为抗议被剥夺基本权利，在广东省梅州监狱中开始绝食。 

36、杨同彦（笔名：杨天水）

异议作家和独立中文笔会会员，2005年12月23日在南京被非法逮捕，关押禁见直到2007年1月27日。因被控网上发表反政府文章和组织中国民主党分部而定罪，被判十二年徒刑。他目前被关押在江苏省南京市监狱，据报其糖尿病在狱中加重。 

37、杨子立

作家、电脑工程师，2001年3月13日与徐伟、靳海科、张宏海一起被捕，原因是他们参加“新青年学会”──由关注政治和经济不平等问题，用互联网传送相关文章的个人非正式聚会。2003年5月28日，杨以颠覆罪被刑八年徒刑，目前被关押在北京市第二监狱，据报患有多种病痛而未获医治。  

38、努尔莫哈提·亚辛

美国笔会荣誉会员。维吾尔自由撰稿人，因发表短篇小说《野鸽子》，被中国当局认为该小说批评了新疆维吾尔自治区的政府现状。2005年2月，在一次不允许他请律师的秘密审判后，亚辛以“煽动维吾尔分裂主义”判十年徒刑。他目前被关押在乌鲁木齐第一监狱，自被捕后就禁止任何探访。 

39、袁湫雁

法轮功学员和网络出版人，因在网络上发表“传播邪教成员被害的谣言玷污政府形象”的文章，2004年2月19日被判处十年徒刑。该文指控一法轮功学员在监狱里遭受虐待。 

40、曾宏玲

作家，四川省绵阳市退休工人，因在海外中文网站上发表文章，于2008年6月9日被绵阳市公安局便衣警察以涉嫌“向境外非法提供情报罪”拘留。其文章以“杉杉”笔名的《地震亲历记》系列及其所拍照片一起发表。她目前被在绵阳市公安局看守所关押禁见。 

41、张宏海

自由撰稿人，2001年3月13日与徐伟、靳海科、杨子立一起被捕，原因是他们参加“新青年学会”──由关注政治和经济不平等问题，用互联网传送相关文章的个人非正式聚会。2003年5月28日，张以颠覆罪被刑八年徒刑，目前被关押在浙江省乔司监狱，据报患有多种疾病，并在狱中遭到虐待。  

42、张建红（笔名：力虹）

自由撰稿人、剧作家、诗人和独立中文笔会会员，因在海外网站上发表批评文章，于2006年9月6日以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被捕，于2007年3月19日被判六年徒刑。据报道，他患有肌肉萎缩症，尽管被转送到杭州市的浙江省监狱总医院，仍导致半身瘫痪并继续恶化。他于2007年5月31日申请保外就医但被拒绝，最近再次申请未获答复。 

43、张林

异议作家、民运人士和独立中文笔会会员，因在2003年8月至2005月1月撰写并发表在互联网上的一些“颠覆”文章，于2005年1月被捕，同年7月28日被安徽省蚌埠中级人民法院定以“煽动颠覆”罪名，判处五年徒刑和剥夺政治权利四年。他目前被关押在合肥市的南郊监狱，据报身体虚弱，患有多种疾病。 

44、郑贻春

诗人、教授、自由记者，因他在海外发表的63篇文章，于2004年12月3日被捕，2005年7月21日以“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被判七年徒刑和剥夺政治权利3年。他目前被关押在辽宁省锦州监狱，患有糖尿病和脑梗阻。 

45、朱虞夫

网络作家、民主党杂志创始人兼编辑，2007年4月18日被捕，7月10日以他在被捕时推了警察犯有“妨害公务罪”被判二年徒刑，2008年3月28日被杭州市中级人民法院重审，4月9日被判决追加剥夺政治权利2年4月26天，目前被关押在杭州市的浙江省第六监狱。朱曾因异议活动服刑七年后于2006年获释。 
 

2007年12月10日后获释者名单 

1、程翔

新加坡《海峡时报》驻香港特派记者，于2005年4月22日被捕，在中国当局指控他从学者陆建华处获取国家机密后以间谍罪判他五年徒刑。2008年2月5日，程在刑满2年半前获假释。 

2、冯正虎

维权人士、网络作家和自由记者，2008年6月5日被上海市公安局杨浦分局警察以涉嫌“故意扰乱公共秩序”拘留，据信是因他发表并散发《不服上海法院裁判上访申诉案件汇编》及其它文章。据报道，警方抄了他的家，并搜走他的一些文字材料和三部电脑。冯于2008年6月15日获释，并于6月18日得到归还其被抄物品。 

3、 郭泉：

作家，前南京师大中文系副教授，在中国大陆网站上发表批评政府对512四川地震的反应和某些倒塌建筑的安全问题的七篇文章后，于2008年5月17日被治安拘留，其电脑被当局抄走。2008年5月28日获释。 

4、胡石根

大学讲师、政治活动家及异议作家，于1992年9月27日被捕，因策划在中国主要城市举行纪念六四活动被控“反革命罪”。胡是中国自由民主党(CFDP)及中国自由工会创始人，曾参与1989年6月被政府武力镇压的民主运动。他被判处二十年徒刑，剥夺政治权利五年，后获总计三年九个月的减刑。2008年8月26日获释。  

5、加羊吉

著名藏族作家、记者、活动人士和歌唱家，2008年4月1日在青海省被捕。据报道，加羊吉在西宁市的国营青海电视台的办公室中被几名便衣警察传唤带走，自4月7日后失去音讯。警方抄了她的家，没收了她的电脑和通讯录。有消息称她几星期后获释。 

6、李长青

福州日报社采访部副主任，于2004年12月6日被捕。经过一系列的指控，李于2006年1月24日被华南的福州市鼓楼区法院以“传播虚假恐怖信息”判处三年徒刑，于2008年2月4日刑满释放。 

7、王德佳（笔名：荆楚）

网络作家和异议人士，因有关批评中国政府在2008年北京奥运会前表现的文章，于2007年12月13日在广西省全州家中以涉嫌“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”被捕，关押在全州县看守所。在保证他不再写任何“攻击党和国家领导”、“煽动颠覆政权”及其它任何“政治性评论”的条件下，于2008年1月12日取保候审获释。 

8、喻华峰

广州《南方都市报》副总编辑兼总经理，因被控财务违法于2004年1月14日被捕，一审判十二年徒刑，二审减到八年。据报导，法庭的证据并不支持定罪，普遍认为他的入狱是旨在使该报禁言行动的一部分，因《南方都市报》以对社会问题和官方腐败的尖锐报道而知名。在三次减刑后，喻于2008年2月8日获释。 

9、周远志

自由作家和独立中文笔会会员，因发表有关社会问题和官员腐败的文字，于2008年5月3日被湖北省钟祥市国家安全局拘留，2008年5月15日获释，他目前被禁止未经警方批准离开当地出外地旅行，并被禁止与外界联系和发表文章。根据中国法律，这些限制可长达半年，他在此其间可随时被正式拘留和盘问。 
 

Beyond the Olympics:

Assessing the Freedom to Write in China, After the Spotlight 

Today, October 17, 2008, temporary regulations that were said to guarantee the ability of international journalists to report freely from China will expire.  

The government of the People’s Republic of China issued these regulations in line with a pledge it made in its January 17, 2001 official proposal to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics: “There will be no restrictions on journalists in reporting on the Olympic Games.” In the years between that original pledge and the Olympics, the Chinese government repeatedly qualified that simple, straightforward declaration, so that the regulations that have been in effect since January 1, 2007 fell far short of international norms guaranteeing full freedom of the press—most notably in the fact that China’s domestic media was excluded altogether from the temporary protections.  

Nevertheless, the regulations were the most concrete articulation of China’s broader pledge to the International Olympic Committee and the world to improve human rights in China before, during, and after the Olympics, and as such they offered important new assurances for international journalists and provided a significant and tangible benchmark for evaluating China on its broader Olympic-year commitments.   

Unfortunately, as we documented in our July 8, 2008 report “Failing to Deliver: An Olympic-Year Report Card on Free Expression in China”—findings which we summarize and update here—China repeatedly failed to abide by even these highly-qualified temporary regulations. The record is sufficiently disappointing that international media organizations, and the international community as a whole, should be concerned about what the expiration of these minimal protections will mean for foreign journalists operating in China. 

Of even greater concern to PEN are the ongoing restrictions on our Chinese colleagues, restrictions that continued unabated and even increased in the run up to the Olympics. As this report makes clear, these restrictions took a heavy toll on Chinese writers, journalists, and bloggers in general, and on our colleagues in the Independent Chinese PEN Center in particular, over the past year, and significantly curtailed the free flow of information and ideas for all Chinese citizens.  

For PEN, the test of whether a state is protecting and guaranteeing the essential human right of freedom of expression is whether its citizens are free to investigate and report the news, publish or post their opinions and criticisms, challenge official orthodoxies, and create literature without fear of censorship or persecution. Even as the eyes of the world were on China this Olympic year, the Chinese government repeatedly demonstrated a lack of commitment to respecting and expanding this right. If hosting Olympics was to have encouraged human rights improvements in China, the early returns are certainly discouraging.

Restricting Press Freedom 

Despite the Chinese government’s clear commitments to allow international journalists to report freely in the months before and during the Olympics, reporters and news organizations were subjected to press freedom violations in China in the past year. These included the following incidents: 

• During the crackdown on protests in Tibetan areas that began in March, the government cut off or interrupted telephone and Internet service in Lhasa and other Tibetan areas, significantly hindering the flow of eyewitness reports and other information as violence spread and the number of deaths rose. Three months later, Human Rights Watch confirmed that authorities continued to confiscate mobile phones, cameras, fax machines and computers, monitor calls, censor and block emails and Internet content, and harass Tibetans to prevent them from communicating with journalists and relaying information inside and outside of Tibet.

• Since March, international journalists have only been allowed into Tibetan areas on government-orchestrated visits, always chaperoned and closely monitored by Chinese officials. Foreign journalists who attempted on their own to enter the Tibetan Autonomous Region and neighboring Tibetan areas in Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan and Gansu Provinces were detained and turned away. Only The Guardian has been permitted to travel in Tibet in recent weeks, and journalists on the trip say that because of the increased security, few Tibetans were willing to speak with them.

• The BBC, NBC, AP, Reuters, and a handful of other international news organizations were allowed into Tibet to cover the Olympic Torch Relay in Lhasa on June 21—an event that occurred against a backdrop of intensified security and a major redeployment of armed police to the region. These news organizations were only permitted to view the beginning and the end of the torch route through Lhasa. ¹

• Similar controls were imposed on reporting from areas affected by the May 12 Sichuan earthquake. Although the government allowed an unusual level of live coverage of rescue efforts, once attention turned to questions that were potentially embarrassing for Chinese officials, there was a concerted effort to rein in—and even black out—press coverage. In just one example, on June 12, Agence France-Presse reported that at least six foreign media representatives were manhandled, detained, and expelled from the region when they tried to report from collapsed schools in Dujiangyan.

• On July 29, foreign journalists working at official Olympic press venues in Beijing reported that the web sites of Amnesty International, the BBC, Radio Free Asia, and other human rights sites were blocked. The IOC, responding to an international uproar, said it would investigate, noting that the Chinese government had pledged complete media freedom before, during and after the Games.  However, an IOC spokesman admitted “that some IOC officials negotiated with the Chinese that some sensitive sites would be blocked on the basis they were not considered Games-related.”² While the censorship of the Amnesty International site was lifted soon after, more than 50 other “sensitive” web sites, including those related to Tibet, Falun Gong, and others critical of the Chinese government remained blocked throughout the Games.

• On August 4, just four days before the Olympics opened in Beijing, paramilitary police were attacked in the far-western city of Kashgar, Xinjiang Province, killing 16. As journalists flocked to the site, officials quickly stifled their ability to report on the event. In one of a handful of incidents, paramilitary police assaulted and detained two Japanese journalists, Masami Kawakita, a photographer with the Chuichi Sports newspaper, and Shinji Katsuta, a reporter with the Nippon Television Network, and damaged their equipment. The attack prompted an official apology from senior police officers the next day.

• Violations occurred even in Beijing during the Olympics themselves. As peaceful protests cropped up throughout the city during the Games—many of which were quickly and forcefully suppressed—video and eyewitness accounts documented plainclothes and other police officers blocking cameras and ushering away journalists, and sometimes even manhandling those with accreditation, directly violating the terms of the temporary regulations. In one stark example, John Ray, an accredited reporter for British-based ITN-TV, was manhandled and detained while covering a pro-Tibet protest in Beijing’s Ethnic Minorities Park. According to the Foreign Correspondent’s Club of China, Ray was pinned down by police, dragged along the ground and pushed into a police van. His equipment was confiscated, and he was accused of participating in the protest. Video of the incident showed Ray’s accreditation was clearly visible.

Because they were directed toward or involved international journalists and media outlets, these violations of press freedom norms and of China’s explicit promises received substantial attention and criticism up through the Olympic Games. Less noticed, but of even greater concern to PEN, was the fact that Chinese journalists, unprotected by the temporary regulations that were supposedly meant to allow foreign journalists to travel and report freely, remained under the thumb of the Propaganda Department of the Chinese government and were required to follow its directives.  

As a result, major stories went unreported in the Chinese press. There was no mention in the Chinese media of street demonstrations in Beijing during the Olympics, for example, and Chinese journalists attending a press conference held by the U.S. men’s volleyball team following the stabbing of American tourist Todd Bachman, the father-in-law of team coach Hugh McCutcheon, had their notebooks confiscated, as that story, too, remained off limits to the domestic press. And, in another sign that it was business as usual for China’s press censors, domestic journalists who wandered beyond the official boundaries continued to be punished. On May 5, for instance, Chang Ping was dismissed from his post as deputy editor of the magazine Nandu Zhoukan (Southern Metropolis Weekly) after he published several editorials about Tibet that did not toe the party line.  

Targeting Writers 

Jailing Writers  

On December 10, 2007, PEN American Center and PEN Canada joined with the Independent Chinese PEN Center to launch the the “We Are Ready for Freedom of Expression” campaign, an Olympic year initiative to win the release of writers and journalists in Chinese prisons and to hold the Chinese government accountable to its Olympics pledge to expand human rights in China. At that time, PEN was following the cases of 40 writers and journalists imprisoned in China. Today, there are at least 44 writers and journalist imprisoned in China, and PEN is tracking the cases of another 10 writers who were recently released and remain subject to significant restrictions on their freedom of movement and freedom to write or who are vulnerable to arrest at any time.  

Shockingly, 12 writers were detained in the 10 months between the launch of the campaign and the Beijing Olympic Games: 

1. Wang Dejia: Internet writer and dissident, detained December 13, 2007 and released on January 12, 2008 on condition that he not write anything “attacking the leadership of the Party and State,” “inciting subversion of state power,” or any “political commentary.”
2. Hu Jia: Freelance reporter and blogger, civil rights, environmental and AIDS activist, arrested December 27, 2007 and convicted of “inciting subversion of state power” on April 3, 2008. Hu is now serving a 3 ½-year sentence.
3. Jamyang Kyi: Prominent Tibetan writer, reporter, activist and singer detained April 1, 2008, and reportedly released several weeks later.
4. Zhou Yuanzhi: Freelance writer and member of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, detained on May 3, 2008 and released on May 15, 2008. Zhou is forbidden from traveling beyond his home city without police authorization, prohibited from communicating with strangers, and banned from publishing.
5. Chen Daojun: Freelance writer and journalist, detained May 9, 2008 and charged with “inciting splittism.”
6. Guo Quan: Writer and former professon of literature at Nanjing Normal University, detained May 17, 2008 and released May 28, 2008.
7. Feng Zhenghu: Rights defender, online writer and freelance journalist, detained on June 5, 2008 on suspicion of “intentionally disturbing public order and released on June 15, 2008.
8. Zeng Hongling: Writer and retired worker, detained June 9, 2008 after publishing articles on her experiences from the May 12, 2008 earthquake.
9. Huang Qi: Cyber-dissident, writer, director and co-founder of the Tianwang Human Rights Center, detained on June 10, 2008.
10. Du Daobin: Writer and member of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, re-arrested July 21, 2008 to serve the remaining two years and four months of his three-year sentence for subversion, which had been suspended for four years.
11. Mehbube Ablesh: Uighur journalist working at the Xinjiang People’s Radio Station, detained in August for articles she published online. Her whereabouts are currently unknown.
12. Rangjung: Tibetan writer and reporter arrested at his home in Amdo Golok, eastern Tibet, on September 11, 2008, most likely for his online writings. His whereabouts are currently unknown.

All of the writers detained since the start of the campaign in December have been targeted for writings published online, evidence of the continuing determination of authorities to control speech on the Internet—a clear violation of its citizens’ right under international law to “seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers.”  

A complete list of all the writers PEN has been tracking since December 10, 2007 is attached to this report. 

Harassing and Suppressing Critical Voices  

Prior to the opening of the Olympic Games, writers and dissidents from Beijing and elsewhere in China were warned not to “cause trouble,” and were urged to stay away from the capital for the duration of the Games. Those who didn’t, the police said, would be placed under house arrest. 

Most disturbingly for PEN, members of the Independent Chinese PEN Center (ICPC)³ were specifically targeted. Many were placed under house arrest or restricted from leaving their home cities, and still others living abroad have been prevented from entering Hong Kong or mainland China from August through today. 

Zhou Yuanzhi, a freelance writer and ICPC member who was detained by the National Security Bureau of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, on May 3, 2008 on suspicion of “inciting subversion” for his critiques on social issues and official corruption. Zhou was released on May 15, 2008, but remained under house arrest throughout the duration of the Games. He is still forbidden from traveling beyond his home city without police authorization, prohibited from communicating with strangers, and banned from publishing. 

ICPC board member Yu Jie was guarded by police at his residence in Beijing and followed every time he left his home for the duration of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Authorities even went so far as to “chauffeur” Yu when he needed transportation. 

Ms. Liu Di was placed under house arrest in Beijing from July 31 to August 25, and from September 5 to September 18.  

Several ICPC members were warned not to visit Beijing or leave the Chinese mainland, and have had their passports taken away. Board member Zhao Dagong, who lives in Shenzhen, was only permitted to visit his parents in Heibei Province after the Paralympic Games had ended on September 17, but as of publication of this report is still not permitted to visit Beijing and is not allowed to leave China. No expiry date for these restrictions has been given. 

ICPC Deputy Secretary-General Jiang Bo, who is based in Shanghai, had his passport confiscated during the Olympics. It was returned, along with his travel documents to Hong Kong, and he was informed that he would be permitted to visit Beijing after China’s National Day on October 1.  

Hangzhou-based He Yongqin, also known as Wen Kejian, and Qingdao-based lawyer Li Jianqiang, who represented 10 imprisoned writers before being disbarred, were restricted from traveling outside their home cities during the period of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, but were informed that their plans to travel to Beijing and abroad would not be curtailed in October. 

Journalist Zan Aizong, who lives in Hangzhou, was barred from leaving Shanghai’s Pudong airport to attend a conference on human rights in Geneva on August 31.  

Several members of ICPC who live overseas, but some of whom hold Chinese passports, were denied entry into China and Hong Kong. Dr. Zhang Yu, the Writers in Prison Committee Coordinator and former Secretary-General, who resides in Sweden, was denied entry to Hong Kong in April, just days before the arrival of the Olympic Torch there.   

Ms. Sheng Xue, a Canadian citizen and member of both ICPC and PEN Canada, was denied entry into Hong Kong on August 7, despite being permitted to enter many times before. Ms. Sheng has not been permitted to enter mainland China, however, since her involvement in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. 

Dr. Zhang Xiaogang, the current Secretary-General of ICPC who holds an Australian passport, and Dr. Gui Minhai, an alternate board member from Germany, were denied entry to Hong Kong during the Games. On August 5, they easily entered Hong Kong on their way to a conference on human rights in China taking place in Taiwan. On August 12, on their way back to Australia and Germany, they were denied entry into Hong Kong. Gui was deported back to Taiwan the same day, while Zhang was deported to Australia the following day after he refused to pay for another ticket back to Taiwan. Authorities claimed they were denied entry after visiting a week previously because there were different measures in place during the Olympic Games.  

In an unsettling example of post-Olympic restrictions, Zhang Xiaogang attempted to enter mainland China from Hong Kong on a visa on October 8, but was stopped by police in the Luohu Border Control Station of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. He was detained, and his luggage and person were searched by authorities. Several of his books and magazines were confiscated before he was sent back to Hong Kong. 

Other well-known writers who are not members of the Independent Chinese PEN Center have been targeted for harassment as well. Tibetan writer, journalist, and poet Tsering Woeser, who resides in Beijing with her husband, writer Wang Lixiong, heeded warnings by authorities to leave Beijing and decided to travel to Lhasa to visit family during the Olympics. She arrived on August 17. On August 21, she was detained by police and held for eight hours. Woeser was accused of photographing the army and police presence, which has been heavy in the capital since the uprisings there in March. She was forced to leave her mother’s home and return to Beijing on August 23. Woeser is still facing restrictions on her movements. 

Human rights activist and online writer Zeng Jinyan, wife of jailed writer Hu Jia, disappeared from Beijing on August 7. It was later discovered that she was being held in Dalian, outside the capital. She was detained for the duration of the Games, and was not released until August 23, one day before the closing ceremony. Zeng remains under residential surveillance at her Beijing home, along with her baby daughter, Qianci. 
 

Conclusions and Recommendations 

The temporary regulations for foreign journalists operating in China before, during, and after the Olympics, which went into effect on January 1, 2007, are scheduled to expire today. The rules were meant to allow all foreign journalists to speak with any source on any subject, and to bring down the barriers that so tightly constrain the flow of information in China.  

PEN American Center, PEN Canada, and the Independent Chinese PEN Center have determined that despite early hopes and promises, the Chinese government failed to live up to the letter and the spirit of its commitments to the International Olympic Committee, the media, and to Chinese citizens and the world community throughout the period of temporary regulations. Instead, the overall climate for freedom of expression deteriorated in the final ten months of the temporary regulations, with a particularly disheartening push to suppress this right while the eyes of the world were on the country from August 8 to August 24, 2008. There are more writers and journalists in prison in China today than there were in December 2007, and dissident writers and journalists who are not in prison face serious restrictions on their movements and on their ability to speak and publish freely. 

In early October, research by the OpenNet Initiative revealed that the Chinese government has been spying on dissidents and other web users utilizing the chat software TOM-Skype, a joint venture between Skype’s American parent company eBay and the Chinese company TOM Group. Authorities have reportedly been tracking users typing key words such as Tibet, Falun Gong, and democracy. Meanwhile, “The Great Firewall of China” remains in place, preventing Chinese citizens from freely accessing the Internet and subjecting those who seek to explore politically sensitive matters and ideas—and to make their voices heard on such matters—to harassment, detention, and possible imprisonment. Clearly, our Chinese colleagues, and China’s citizens as a whole, have yet to see evidence of the human rights improvements their government pledged in order to secure the Olympic Games. 

Did the world miss an opportunity to persuade China to abide by these pledges? Or was it naive to believe that hosting the Olympics would lead China to allow its citizens greater freedoms? As the Olympic spotlight fades, these are questions that the International Olympics Committee, governments, and non-governmental organizations around the world should be carefully considering.  

Meanwhile, PEN remains committed to protecting the right of our Chinese colleagues and all Chinese citizens to seek, receive, and impart information freely and regardless of frontiers; to express themselves without inhibition or fear of persecution or imprisonment; and to travel and associate without restrictions.  

We therefore call on the Chinese government to:  

• Extend and make permanent the temporary press regulations established for the Olympic Games and include domestic journalists within these guarantees;

• Release all writers and journalists currently imprisoned and stop detaining, harassing, and censoring writers and journalists;

• End Internet censorship, and reform laws used to imprison writers and journalists and suppress freedom of expression.

WRITERS IMPRISONED IN CHINA

As of October 17, 2008 

Mehube Ablesh 

Uighur writer, poet, and employee at the Xinjiang People’s Radio Station, a government-run station based in Urumqi, fired from her post and detained in August 2008. She is reportedly being held for posting articles critical of the Chinese government and the provincial leadership in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Ablesh is reportedly being held in Urumqi, however no details of any charges have been made public. 

Chen Daojun 

Freelance writer and journalist, detained May 9, 2008 by the Public Security Bureau of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province and charged with “inciting splittism.” The charge most likely stems from an article Chen published following the Tibetan protests in March which declared respect to the Tibetan people, defended their basic rights and condemned the Chinese government’s violent crackdown on protesters. He has also written articles against governmental projects and the politics of the Beijing Olympics. Chen is currently being held at the Detention Center of the Public Security Bureau of Jintang County. 

Chen Shuqing 

Dissident writer and leading member of the Zhejiang Branch of the banned China Democracy Party (CDP), arrested September 14, 2006 and charged with “inciting subversion.” Chen’s case has twice been handed back to the police for lack of evidence, but on August 14, 2007 he was sentenced to four years in prison and one year’s deprivation of political rights. His appeal was rejected without trial by the Zhejiang High People's Court on October 29, 2007. Chen is being held at Qiaosi Prison in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. 

Du Daobin 

Writer and member of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, re-arrested July 21, 2008 to serve the remaining two years and four months of his three-year sentence, which had been suspended for four years. Du was convicted on June 11, 2004 of “inciting subversion of state power” for 175 words in 26 of his articles. Now, he stands accused of violating the terms of his sentence by publishing more than 100 articles on the Internet, leaving the city, and receiving guests without permission from the police. His whereabouts are currently unknown. 

Guo Qizhen 

Cyber-dissident arrested on May 12, 2006 and charged with “inciting subversion of state power” for 34 articles he published on overseas web sites attacking the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Guo was sentenced to four years in prison and three years’ deprivation of political rights on October 17, 2006. He is being held at No. 4 Prison of Hebei Province, Shi Jiazhuang City, and is reportedly nursing a broken leg and is in a fragile psychological state, possibly due to abuse. 

Dawa Gyaltsen 

Tibetan dissident arrested in November 1995 for writing pro-independence pamphlets which were posted in April 1995 as part of widespread protests against the Chinese authorities. Dawa was charged with carrying out “counter-revolutionary propaganda” and is now serving a 15-year prison sentence. He is currently being held in the notorious Drapchi Prison in Lhasa. He was reportedly severely tortured under interrogation, and has suffered numerous forms of abuse in prison, including beatings, psychological stress, and lack of access to fresh air. When he was first arrested, he was handcuffed and thrown into a dark room without food for 10 days. 

Jampel Gyatso 

Monk from Drakar Trezong monastery in Qinghai Province, where he was on the editorial team of the monastery’s journal, The Charm of the Sun and Moon. Jampel was arrested on January 16, 2005 and sentenced to three years re-education through labor (RTL). He is currently being held in Topa RTL Camp at Huangzhong Dzong, near Xining. 

Hada 

Owner of the Mongolian Academic Bookstore and founder and editor-in-chief of underground journal The Voice of Southern Mongolia, arrested December 10, 1995 and sentenced to 15 years in prison and four years’ deprivation of political rights for “inciting separatism and espionage” on December 6, 1996. Hada is currently being held at No. 4 Prison of Inner Mongolia in Chi Feng City, and is suffering from stomach ulcers and coronary heart disease. 

He Depu 

Dissident activist and writer arrested on November 4, 2002 and subsequently sentenced to eight years in prison and two years’ deprivation of political rights for “inciting subversion.” He’s trial lasted a mere two hours before he was convicted on charges that stemmed from his collaboration with the banned China Democracy Party (CDP) and his internet essays. He is currently being held in Beijing No. 2 Prison, and has reportedly suffered numerous abuses there, including beatings that left permanent injuries. 

He Yanjie 

Freelance reporter working as Qi Chonghuai’s research assistant in the investigation of local corruption and injustice prior to his detention on June 25, 2007. He was formally charged with “blackmail” on August 2, 2007, and his case was handed to the Tengzhou People’s Procuratorate on November 2, 2007 – one month later than the law permits. He was tried by the Tengzhou City Court in Shandong Province on May 13, 2008, and sentenced to two years in prison. He is currently being held in Tengzhou Prison. 

Hu Jia 

Freelance reporter and blogger, civil rights, environmental and AIDS activist, arrested December 27, 2007 at his home in Beijing on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power.” Hu was officially charged on January 30, 2008 by the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate, and on March 7, his case was submitted to the prosecution. Hu stood trial on March 18, and on April 3, he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison and one year's deprivation of political rights. He is currently being held in Beijing Prison, where his health is reportedly deteriorating due to prison conditions. 

Huang Jinqiu (pen name: Qing Shuijun) 

Internet essayist, writer and journalist, arrested on September 13, 2003 and sentenced to 12 years in prison and four years’ deprivation of civil rights for “organizing, planning and carrying out subversive activities” and for writing “reactionary” articles on the internet. Huang was severely tortured during the first two years in jail. His situation has improved in the past year and his sentence has been reduced by 22 months. He is currently being held in Pukou Prison, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. 

Huang Qi 

Cyber-dissident, writer, director and co-founder of the Tianwang Human Rights Center, detained June 10, 2008 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Huang was last seen being forced into a car by three unidentified men, and was later confirmed to be held by the police at the Detention Center of the Public Security Bureau of Chengdu City. On July 18, 2008, he was formally charged with “illegal possession of state secrets,” which may stem from his criticism of the government’s handling of the May 12^th Sichuan earthquake. Huang was finally permitted access to his lawyers on September 23, 2008. 

Korash Huseyin 

Editor of the Uighur-language Kashgar Literary Journal, arrested for publishing Nurmuhemmet Yasin’s short story "Wild Pigeon" in late 2004. Chinese authorities consider the story to be a criticism of their government’s presence in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Huseyin was sentenced to three years in prison and is due to be released in 2008. 

Jin Haike 

Geologist and writer, arrested March 13, 2001 along with Xu Wei, Yang Zili, and Zhang Honghai after participating in the “Xin Qingnian Xuehui” (New Youth Study Group), an informal gathering of individuals concerned with political and economic inequalities who used the internet to circulate relevant articles. Jin was finally sentenced on May 28, 2003 to 10 years in prison on charges of subversion. He is currently being held at Beijing No. 2 Prison and is suffering from multiple medical conditions whose causes are still unclear. 

Kong Youping 

Internet writer and factory worker, arrested December 13, 2003 after posting five articles and seven poems on an overseas website that alleged corruption. Kong was sentenced on September 16, 2004 to 15 years in prison for “subverting state power,” a sentence that was reduced to 10 years on appeal. He is currently being held at Lingyuan City Prison in Liaoning Province and is reportedly suffering from high blood pressure and deteriorating eyesight. 

Dolma Kyab 

Writer and teacher, arrested on March 9, 2005 in Lhasa, Tibet for allegedly endangering state security in his unpublished book, The Restless Himalayas, which was comprised of 57 chapters he had written on various topics: democracy, sovereignty of Tibet, Tibet under communism, colonialism, religion and belief, and so forth. Dolma was charged with “espionage” and “illegal border crossing” at a trial conducted in secrecy, and sentenced to ten and a half years in prison. In July 2007, he was reportedly moved from Chushul Prison in Lhasa to Seilong Labor Camp in Xining, and is seriously ill. 

Li Zhi 

Internet writer and financial officer in the Dazhou municipal government in Sichuan Province, arrested August 11, 2003 after posting essays accusing Sichuan officials of corruption on an overseas website. Li was sentenced to eight years in prison and four years’ deprivation of political rights on December 10, 2003 on charges of “subverting state power.” Evidence was supplied by Yahoo!, which passed on his user information to the authorities. He is currently being held in Sichuan No. 3 Prison in Dazhu County. 

Lu Gengsong 

Writer and human rights activist, arrested on August 24, 2007 after his articles critical of the authorities were published online. Lu was formally charged with “inciting subversion of state power” on September 29, 2007, and stood trial before the Hangzhou Intermediate People’s Court on January 22, 2008.  He was convicted, and on February 5, 2008 he was sentenced to four years in prison and one year’s deprivation of political rights. In a closed trial on April 14, 2008, the Zhejiang Provincial High Court rejected an appeal. He is currently being held in Xijiao Prison, Hangzhou City. 

Lu Jianhua 

Research professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Deputy Director of the Public Policy Research Center, and Executive Director of the China Development Strategy, arrested in April 2005 on charges of “leaking state secrets” to Hong Kong-based reporter Ching Cheong. After a secret trial lasting only 90 minutes on December 18, 2006, Lu was convicted and sentenced to 20 years in prison. He is reportedly being held incommunicado in Beijing City jail.  

Lu Zengqi 

Falun Gong member and internet writer, sentenced on February 19, 2004 to 10 years in prison for writing an online publication which “tarnished the image of the government by broadcasting fabricated stories of persecution suffered by cult members.” The newsletter alleged ill-treatment in prison of a fellow Falun Gong member.  

Abdulghani Memetemin 

Writer, teacher and translator from the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, arrested July 26, 2002 after providing information to the East Turkestan Information Centre (ETIC), a Uighur rights and pro-independence group run by exiled Uighurs in Germany. Memetemin was convicted in June 2003 by the Kashgar Intermediate People’s Court of “illegally providing state secrets to overseas organizations” and sentenced to nine years in prison. He was reportedly denied legal representation at his trial and has been tortured in prison.  

Ning Xianhua 

Internet writer and factory worker, arrested December 13, 2003 after posting online essays supporting the establishment of trade unions and the China Democracy Party (CDP). Ning was sentenced on September 16, 2004 to 12 years in prison for “subverting state power,” a sentence that was reduced to eight years on appeal. He is currently being held at Shenyang Prison in Liaoning Province.  

Rangjung 

Tibetan writer, singer and television presenter, arrested at his home in Amdo Golok, eastern Tibet, on September 11, 2008. No charges against him have been made public, although it is feared that he may be detained for the pro-Tibetan views expressed on his blog. Rangjung has published two books on Tibetan culture and history, Dhung shen kharpo (Pure Loyalty) and Himalaya Reboed (Himalaya Call for Hope). His whereabouts are currently unknown. 

Qi Chonghuai 

Journalist detained June 25, 2007 following the publication on the Xinhuanet web site of an article alleging official corruption in the Tengzhou Communist Party. Qi was formally charged with “blackmail” on August 2, 2007, and his case was handed to the Tengzhou People’s Procuratorate on November 2, 2007 – one month later than the law permits. He was tried by the Tengzhou City Court in Shandong Province on May 13, 2008. Immediately following the 11-hour proceedings, Qi was convicted of “extortion and blackmail” and sentenced to four years in prison. He endured abuse at the hands of court policemen during his early detention, and is currently being held in Tengzhou Prison. 

Shi Tao 

Journalist, poet, and member of Independent Chinese PEN Center, arrested November 24, 2004 after he emailed the government’s plans for controlling media during the 15th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre. Shi was sentenced on April 30, 2005 to 10 years in prison and two years’ deprivation of political rights for “illegally divulging state secrets abroad” after Yahoo! supplied his user information to authorities. He is currently being held in Deshan Prison, Changde City, Hunan Province. 

Sun Lin 

Reporter for the overseas Chinese web site Boxun News, arrested May 30, 2007 after writing articles on sensitive subjects including crime and police brutality. His wife, writer He Fang, was also charged and given a suspended sentence. On June 27, 2008, during a hearing in which neither his family nor lawyer were present, Sun was handed a four-year prison sentence for “gathering crowds to cause social unrest” and “illegal possession of firearms.” Before his arrest, he had documented several instances of police harassment. He is currently being held in Pukou Prison, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.    

Tao Haidong 

Internet writer and editor, arrested July 9, 2002 in his home in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region while in the process of posting articles on the internet. Tao was found guilty of “inciting subversion of state power” and sentenced to seven years in prison and three years’ deprivation of political rights. He is currently being held in Changji Prison in Changji City, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region.  

Tohti Tunyaz (pen name: Muzart) 

Ethnic Uighur historian and writer, arrested February 6, 1998 while on a research trip in Urumqi for his studies at Tokyo University, where he was working towards a Ph.D. in Uighur history and ethnic relations. Tunyaz was sentenced on February 15, 2000 to eleven years in prison and two years’ deprivation of political rights for “stealing state secrets” and “inciting national disunity.” He is currently being held in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region Prison No. 3 in Urumqi. 

Wang Xiaoning 

Internet writer and dissident, arrested on September 1, 2002 and charged with subversion for articles published online between 2000 and 2002. Wang was sentenced to 10 years in prison and two years’ deprivation of political rights on July 25, 2003 after Yahoo! supplied his user information to Chinese authorities. He is currently being held in Beijing No. 2 Prison and has reportedly been tortured.  

Wu Yilong 

Internet writer and China Democracy Party (CDP) activist, arrested in June 1999 for circulating pro-democracy articles on the internet and for his work with the magazine Zai Yedang (Opposition Party). Wu was sentenced to 11 years in prison on charges of subversion on November 9, 1999. He is currently being held in Zhejiang No. 4 Prison in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.  

Xu Wei 

Reporter for Xiaofei Ribao (Consumer Daily), arrested March 13, 2001 along with Jin Haike, Yang Zili, and Zhang Honghai after participating in the “Xin Qingnian Xuehui” (New Youth Study Group), an informal gathering of individuals concerned with political and economic inequalities who used the internet to circulate relevant articles. Xu was finally sentenced on May 28, 2003 to 10 years in prison on charges of subversion. He is currently being held at Beijing No. 2 Prison, where he has suffered ill-treatment, and has gone on hunger strike several times. 

Xu Zerong 

Research professor at Zhongshan University in Guangzhou, arrested June 24, 2000 and sentenced on December 20, 2001 to 13 years in prison for leaking state secrets and illegal business activities related to his research on Chinese military operations during the Korean War. Xu is reportedly being held in a section of Xichun Prison reserved for elderly and sick prisoners and is suffering from serious health conditions.  

Yan Zhengxue 

Dissident writer, painter and member of Independent Chinese PEN Center, arrested October 18, 2006 for his critical writings published online on overseas websites. Yan was sentenced to three years in prison and one year’s deprivation of political rights for “inciting subversion of state power” on April 13 2007. He is being held in Shiliping Prison in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province.  

Yang Maodong (pen name: Guo Feixiong) 

Dissident writer, independent publisher and civil rights activist, arrested on September 14, 2006 and sentenced on November 14, 2007 to five years in prison for “illegal business activity.” Yang has endured intense torture at the hands of prison authorities, including beatings, sleep deprivation, stress positions, and suspension by his arms and legs while attacked with electric prods. The abuse has reportedly driven him to attempt suicide. Yang began a hunger strike at Meizhou Prison, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province on December 13, 2007 to protest the deprivation of his basic rights. 

Yang Tongyan (pen name: Yang Tianshui) 

Dissident writer and member of Independent Chinese PEN Center, arrested without a warrant on December 23, 2005 in Nanjing and held incommunicado until January 27, 2006. Yang was convicted of subversion for posting anti-government articles on the internet and organizing branches of the China Democracy Party (CDP), and was sentenced to twelve years in prison. He is currently being held in Nanjing Prison in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, and his diabetes is reportedly worsening in prison.  

Yang Zili 

Writer and computer engineer, arrested March 13, 2001 along with Xu Wei, Jin Haike, and Zhang Honghai after participating in the “Xin Qingnian Xuehui” (New Youth Study Group), an informal gathering of individuals concerned with political and economic inequalities who used the internet to circulate relevant articles. Yang was finally sentenced on May 28, 2003 to eight years in prison on charges of subversion. He is currently suffering from numerous ailments but has yet to receive any medical treatment. 

Nurmuhemmet Yasin

PEN American Center Honorary Member 

Freelance Uighur writer, arrested on November 29, 2004 for the publication for his short story “Wild Pigeon” (“Yawa Kepter”), which Chinese authorities consider to be a criticism of their government’s presence in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. After a closed trial in February 2005 at which he was denied a lawyer, Yasin was sentenced to 10 years in prison for “inciting Uighur separatism,” and is currently being held in Urumqi No. 1 Prison. He has been denied all visitors since his arrest.  

Yuan Qiuyan 

Falun Gong member and internet publisher, sentenced on February 19, 2004 to 10 years in prison for publishing an online publication which “tarnished the image of the government by broadcasting fabricated stories of persecution suffered by cult members.” The newsletter alleged ill-treatment in prison of a fellow Falun Gong member.  

Zeng Hongling 

Writer and retired worker from Mianyang, Sichuan Province, detained June 9, 2008 by plainclothes police from the Public Security Bureau of Mianyang on suspicion of “illegally providing information overseas” for articles published on an overseas Chinese web site. The articles, part of a series entitled “The Accounts of My Personal Experiences During the Earthquake,” were published along with her own photographs under a pen name, Shanshan. Zeng is currently being held incommunicado at the Detention Center of the Mianyang Public Security Bureau. 

Zhang Honghai 

Freelance writer, arrested March 13, 2001 along with Jin Haike, Xu Wei, and Yang Zili after participating in the “Xin Qingnian Xuehui” (New Youth Study Group), an informal gathering of individuals concerned with political and economic inequalities who used the internet to circulate relevant articles. Zhang was finally sentenced on May 28, 2003 to eight years in prison on charges of subversion. He is currently being held at Qiaosi Prison in Zhejiang Province.  Zhang is reportedly suffering from several medical conditions and has been ill-treated in prison. 

Zhang Jianhong (pen name: Li Hong) 

Freelance writer, playwright, poet and member of Independent Chinese PEN Center, arrested on September 6, 2006 and charged with “incitement to subversion of state power” for his critical articles published on overseas websites. Zhang was sentenced to six years in prison on March 19, 2007. He is reportedly suffering from muscle necrosis, a condition that has led to partial paralysis and continues to worsen despite his transfer to the General Hospital of Zhejiang Prison in Hangzhou City. He applied for medical parole on May 31, 2007, but that application was denied. He has not yet received a response to a more recent application.  

Zhang Lin 

Dissident writer, pro-democracy advocate and member of Independent Chinese PEN Center, arrested January 27, 2005 for a number of “subversive” articles he had written and subsequently posted on the internet between August 2003 and January 2005. Zhang was convicted of “incitement to subversion” by the Bangbu Intermediate People’s Court on July 28, 2005 and sentenced to five years in prison and four years’ deprivation of political rights. He is currently being held in Nanjiao Prison in Hefei City, and is said to be very weak and suffering from several medical conditions.  

Zheng Yichun 

Poet, professor and freelance journalist, arrested December 3, 2004 in connection with 63 articles he had written for foreign-based publications and websites. Zheng was convicted of “incitement to subversion of state power” on July 21, 2005 and sentenced to seven years in prison and three years’ deprivation of political rights. He is currently being held in Jinzhou Prison, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, where he is suffering from diabetes.  

Zhu Yufu 

Internet writer, founder and editor of the China Democracy Party’s magazine, arrested April 18, 2007 and sentenced to two years in prison on July 10, 2007 after pushing a policeman during his arrest. On March 28, 2008, Zhu was re-tried by the Hangzhou Intermediate People's Court, and on April 9 he was sentenced to an additional two years, four months and 26 days’ deprivation of political rights. He is currently being held in Zhejiang No. 6 Prison in Haining City, Zhejiang Province. Zhu had been previously imprisoned and was released in 2006 after serving seven years for his dissident activity.

RELEASED SINCE DECEMBER 10, 2007 

Ching Cheong 

Hong Kong-based correspondent for Singapore’s The Straits Times, arrested April 22, 2005 and sentenced to five years in prison on charges of espionage after Chinese authorities claimed he received state secrets from academic Lu Jianhua. Ching was released on parole on February 5, 2008, two years before his sentence was due to expire. 

Feng Zhenghu 

Rights defender, online writer and freelance journalist, detained on June 5, 2008 by police from the Yangpu District Branch of the Public Security Bureau in Shanghai on suspicion of “intentionally disturbing public order.” The charge is believed to stem from a collection of articles Feng published and distributed alleging wrongful convictions by the Shanghai courts, along with other writings. Police reportedly raided his home and confiscated written materials and three computers. Feng was released on June 15, 2008, and his belongings were returned on June 18. 

Guo Quan 

Writer and former professor of literature at Nanjing Normal University, detained May 17, 2008 following seven articles he published on mainland Chinese web sites that criticize the government’s emergency response to the May 12, 2008 Sichuan earthquake and the safety of certain infrastructures. Guo’s computers were confiscated by authorities. He was released from administrative detention on May 28. 
 
Hu Shigen 

University lecturer, political activist and dissident writer, arrested September 27, 1992 and charged with “counterrevolutionary crimes” for planning June 4 memorial activities in many of China’s major cities. Hu was a founding member of the China Freedom and Democracy Party (CFDP) and China Free Trade Union (CFTU) and has campaigned for government accountability for the violent suppression of the Democracy Movement in June 1989. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison and five years’ deprivation of political rights, reduced by a total of three years and nine months. Hu was released on August 26, 2008. 
 
Jamyang Kyi 

Prominent Tibetan writer, reporter, activist and singer detained April 1, 2008 in Qinghai Province. Kyi was reportedly escorted from her office at the state-owned Qinghai TV in Xining by plainclothes police officers and has not been seen since April 7. Police searched her home and confiscated her computer and contacts lists. Her whereabouts are currently unknown.  
 

Li Changqing 

Deputy news director of the Fuzhou Daily, arrested December 16, 2004. After a series of charges, Li was finally sentenced to three years in prison on January 24, 2006 by the Gulou district court in southern China’s Fuzhou city for “spreading false and alarmist information.” He was released upon expiration of his sentence on February 4, 2008.  

Wang Dejia (pen name: Jing Chu) 

Internet writer and dissident, arrested December 13, 2007 at his home in Quanzhou in Guangxi Province on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power” in relation to his online articles critical of the Chinese government in advance of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Wang was held at the Detention Center of Quanzhou County before being released on January 12, 2008, pending trial, on condition that he not write anything “attacking the leadership of the Party and State,” “inciting subversion of state power,” or any “political commentary.” 

Yu Huafeng 

Deputy Editor-in-chief and general manager of the Guangzhou-based daily Nanfang Dushi Bao (Southern Metropolis News), arrested January 14, 2004 for alleged financial irregularities, and sentenced to 12 years in prison. It has been reported that the evidence presented in court did not support the charges, and it is widely believed that Yu’s imprisonment was part of a targeted campaign to silence the newspaper, which is known for its aggressive reporting on social issues and official corruption. Yu was released on February 8, 2008, after his sentence was reduced for the third time. 

Zhou Yuanzhi 

Freelance writer and member of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, detained by the National Security Bureau of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province on May 3, 2008 on suspicion of “inciting subversion” for his critiques on social issues and official corruption. Zhou was released on May 15, 2008 and is forbidden from traveling beyond his home city without police authorization, prohibited from communicating with strangers, and banned from publishing. These restrictions could last up to six months under Chinese law, during which he could be formally detained and questioned at any time.