Author: wulb

    没有真相就没有正义，没有宽恕就没有未来
    ——赵昕关于“血溅人间天堂”事件的公开声明
   
   

2006 International PEN Congress

Berlin Hilton, Germany 22 – 28 May 2006

Congress Theme: Writing in a World without Peace

The delegates of International PEN last met in Germany in 1986. The 49th Congress of International PEN, which took place in Hamburg, was devoted to the general theme of Contemporary History in International Literature. Germany was still divided at that time, as was Europe. When you come to Germany next year, you will find a country that has changed in many ways, and nowhere is this change more visible and vivid than at the location of the International PEN Congress, in Berlin. Today, this city – once separated by a Wall most drastically manifesting the division of Germany and Europe  has not only been re-established as the capital of Germany, but has simultaneously turned into a thriving meeting-place between East and West and North and South.

Anyone coming to Berlin will discover numerous traces bearing testimony to German history. Here in Berlin, history in all its facets  from the great achievements of German artists, philosophers and scientists to the crimes of the Nazis  has left its mark on the urban landscape. Here you will find the venerable university where Humboldt and Fichte taught, places where famous musicians, literary figures and academics lived and worked, world-renowned theatres such as the Berliner Ensemble, two major opera houses, the Berlin Philharmonic Hall built by Scharoun; and you will also find localities serving as a reminder of the darkest aspects of German history: the Holocaust Memorial in the city centre, the Jewish Museum and the Plötzensee scene of execution, where the conspirators of 20 July 1944, the day of the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler, lost their lives.

The International PEN Congress itself will take place from 22 until 28 May in Berlin’s historic centre, at the Hilton Hotel on the Gendarmenmarkt, against an architectural backdrop emanating from the spirit of German history. Major evening events accompanying the Congress will be held at historical venues such as the Berliner Ensemble, the Academy of Arts and the French cathedral. We are confident that we will be able to offer all delegates and visitors to the Congress a captivating programme.

There will be three major evening events: a long night of literature with many prominent authors from throughout the world, an evening, which is specially devoted to African literature, and an evening during which writers of German literature, who have immigrated from abroad to Germany or have a non-German cultural background, will be presented.

Three afternoon events (literary sessions) have been scheduled as part of the Congress daytime programme: a session in which prominent PEN members each present an author of their choice, an afternoon of essays and discussions, which is devoted to the motto of the Congress Writing in a World without Peace and a lyric poetry afternoon.

We are very happy and grateful that Günter Grass, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature and a long-standing member of the German PEN Centre, has consented to give the opening address at the Congress. The 72nd International PEN Congress will be held under the patronage of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Horst Köhler, who has kindly consented to give a welcoming address. In addition, many prominent writers have confirmed their attendance and participation. A reception in the Federal Chancellors Office has also been scheduled.

The motto linking events and discussions at the Congress, Writing in a World without Peace, not only re-emphasises the efforts to achieve peace and reconciliation t which the Charter of International PEN commits its worldwide membership, but also demonstrates that art and literature, beyond all ideological conflicts and clashes of interest, retain their own irreplaceable human value. This holds true in particular in those parts of the world, where people are suffering from war and civil war, where states are disintegrating and bands of criminals have been taking the law in their own hands, where war becomes business and business becomes war. Writing in a World without Peace also implies that we as writers have to address this reality.

Dear colleagues, everyone of us at the German PEN Centre will do all in our power to turn your stay in Germany and Berlin into an unforgettable experience. In addition to the chance to acquaint yourselves with Berlins history and present, an outing to the City of Potsdam and a steamer trip along Berlins extended waterways will be offered as part of the accompanying programme of the Congress as well as post-Congress tours to Dresden and Weimar.. So that we can make all the necessary organisational arrangements to make your stay in Berlin as pleasant as possible, and to avoid the additional pressure on accommodation as the result of the FIFA World Cup which is to take place after the Congress, we would very much appreciate it if you could register and confirm your registration as soon as possible.

We are very much looking forward to your visit! And we are looking forward to the conversations and discussions with all of you!

Johano Strasser

President, German PEN Centre

答独立笔会问(访谈录)

◎ 李  劼   

1.什么是流亡作家？您是否接受自己为流亡作家这个称呼？人们对流亡的理解很不同，有些人认为精神的流亡也算流亡，您怎么认为？

我不知道如何定义流亡作家。我也不想把自己归入任何一类的作家，不管流亡与否。因为这跟作家的本性，并没有多大的联系。也许自由一词，更能说明作家的本性。流亡一词，在字面上很有诗意，但真的作为一种生活状态，并没有如同文字那么潇洒。至于精神的流亡，我也不明白是什么涵义。精神的自由，应该是明确的。

也许这么说，更加能够表达我的回答。不管莎士比亚走到哪里，哪怕是走到非洲，英国的文化依然在他的脚下。假如可以把祖国看作是一种文化的话，那么祖国应该是跟着莎士比亚走的，而不是相反。

2.您是怎么走上流亡之路？希望您能向读者讲讲您是怎样离开中国的，您为什么选择流亡？不少流亡作家刚踏上流亡之路时，常做过这样的梦，在梦里，他们回不到中国了，或者再也离不开中国了，您做过这种梦吗？流亡经历对您是一种精神性的创伤，还是一种彻底的精神解放，或至少是一种精神解放的象征？

离开中国，纯属偶然。因为受了一个国际学术会议的邀请，其实是朋友的邀请。要说到选择流亡，准确的说法应该是，不是我选择了流亡，而是流亡选择了我。我很想回去，可是人家不让。我做恶梦时，总是做到自己又回到了农场里。五年半的农场生活，成了我难以摆脱的噩梦。

躺在纽约中央公园里的草地上，是我最快乐的时刻。有一次，我坐在一棵树下，听着肖邦《第一钢琴协奏曲》的第二乐章，一遍，又一遍。公园的整个大草坪上，就我一个人。天在下雨，我的内心深处在流泪。我感觉到一种人们通常说的解放。人好像消失了，融入了雨中，草丛中，空气里。那感觉是空灵的，没有任何言词可以表达。

3.流亡作家和海外作家的关系

您怎么看待大陆作家？包括体制内的作家与异议作家，您和他们有什么差异？

我不知道流亡作家和海外作家是两个什么样的群体。我只知道我的状态是独处的，几乎不跟任何叫做作家的人们来往。大陆的作家，我已经觉得非常陌生了。我只希望他们能够活得好一些，至少比我更好些。至于写作，我已经有十多年不看他们的东西了。虽然其中有不少相识，说不上是朋友。

我觉得比较相近的是，济慈，荷尔德林，契诃夫，佩索阿，普鲁斯特，福克纳，还有曹雪芹是不用说的了。再有就应该是李后主和李商隐。不是很喜欢屈原，虽然生存状态相近，但心态迥异。

4.流亡者的处境

您能谈谈您目前的处境吗？您在流亡中的主要困境是什么？

被贫穷压迫得苦。我一直在祈求上帝，给我一笔钱，让我不要再为衣食而忧，不要再去给人打工。不要继续坐在办公室里，写那些别人叫我写的东西，谋生。

5.流亡是一种特殊的处境，其对您写作的影响？流亡使您的写作发生了什么变化？您在异域是否感到了文化的间隔和冲突？

我在纽约写作，如鱼得水。语言是有间隔的，但文化却并没有什么冲突。只要经常在草地上坐坐，写作的灵感就会像泉水一样，永不枯竭。虽然中文写作是我所长，心里却挚爱着英语。在巴士听着清脆的英语报站，都会觉得美妙无比。

6.汉语写作于世界文化的关系。从世界文化范畴，您怎样看待汉语和汉语写作？

生为汉人，只好以汉语写作为生了。我不强求非汉语世界的人读懂我的作品。据说汉学家有那种本事，把汉语文学变成英语或者其它语种的作品，但等到他们发现我的时候，我可能已经不在人世了。那样更好，省得跟他们见面。我害怕跟人交往。世界文化真的跟我很有关系么？世界是靠文化而存在的。文化却未必需要世界。

7.请您谈谈您在流亡中的写作？您写了什么作品？正在写什么作品？您计划些什么作品？它们的出版和读者的反应？

我写了很多，大约有十多本书吧。还有许多文章，有的发表了，有的没有发表。书也是，有的出版了，有的没有出版。我已经不在乎。

这八年来，前后写了六部长篇小说。一部政治幻想小说，三部历史小说，两部普世叙述的小说。翻译和重新解释了老子的《道德经》，这可能是我第一部，也是至今为止唯一的一部英文著作。还写了一本文学备忘录，算是文学史吧。还写了一部美国阅读那样的文化论著，叫做《脚下的沙漠，天空的鹰》。这是我最喜欢的一本书，写得非常快乐，就像在雨中的草地上、大树下，倾听肖邦一样的快乐。

正在写好几本书，可是为了糊口，只好暂时停下。全部停下了。我跟上帝吵架，责备他为什么不赐给我钱，让我把想写的书一本一本地写出来。上帝至今没有回答。

书大都在国内出版。还有没有出版的，我暂时藏着。国内的出版社和出版商，太可怕了。我出了将近二十本书，有小说，有受读者欢迎的论著，比如论《红楼梦》那本书。可我却一贫如洗。比凡高还惨。

8.有关回大陆的想法

中国发生了许多变化，一些流亡作家已经回归大陆，在大陆出版著作，您对此怎样看待？您有回归大陆的计划吗？

他们至今不给我护照。不知道为什么。我一拿到护照就回国。至于回归不回归，得看人家待我如何。

9、故乡最使您怀念的是什么？至爱亲朋？地下文学沙龙？乃至乡音，美食，一条街道上的独特气味？

我爱过的女人们。她们都嫁给了别的男人。我经常以对她们的思念，代偿身边没有女人相伴的孤寂。美食当然也怀念，但我怀念的都是我母亲做的家常菜。街道？我所记得的街道，据说全都消失了。我记忆中的上海，可能不存在了。

10、作为一名流亡作家，您最想对下一代的大陆作家说的话是什么？

我想说，妓院。

《自由写作》首发

中国八十年代文学备忘(回忆录)