读曹长青先生的文章，言必称支持民主，在这件光彩鲜艳的民主外衣的表面有两个更为明显的标记更引人注目，一是支持台独，二是反对社会主义。最近无论是在海外中文网站上看到曹长青先生发表在台湾《当代》杂志2006年1—2月号上的文章《知识分子是20世纪灾难的祸首》，还是与万润南或是郑义论战的文章，都无不体现曹长青这两个明显的印记。曹先生一贯的支持台独和反对社会主义的行文方式，不仅将台湾岛内几乎所有的反对独立的知名人士逐个点名痛批，更是将所有与社会主义有关的学说都斥责为“邪恶”，甚至还标新立异的将人类二十世纪的诸多灾难和苦难完全归罪于知识分子，笔者对曹长青先生的立场观点有异议，最不能认同的是他的思维方式。
曹长青的文章中声称“我不是支持台独，我也不支持统一，我是支持台湾2300万人的权利，不管是什么族裔，什么省籍，不管是客家人、台湾人、还是外省人，他们有选择这块土地未来的权利”，但再从他对马英九、李敖、龙应台、李涛、周锡伟等人的指责来看，从他以前的文章对两德统一的贬损来看，从他对李登辉这个下野的前总统的吹捧来看，不管承认与否他的台独立场是明摆在那里的。不错，台独可以成为台湾民主的选项，就像国家统一同样可以成为台湾民主的选项一样，但在目前的形势下台湾的选民在民主政制下已经做出了台湾在如何对待两岸问题上最为现实选择，那就是不独不统维持现状，维持现状本身就是台湾人民和各个政治派别在民主的原则下做出的相互宽容妥协的最佳选择。不管是以民主为政治诉求追求独立的民进党现总统陈水扁，还是以民主促进统一的国民党主席未来总统的有力竞选人马英九先生，还是那位被曹长青称为“受台湾人钦佩”的李前总统在总统位之时都没有也不会在台上公开喊出“台湾独立”，都将维持现状作为台湾政治的基础。台海两岸的最大现实就是既不能独立也不能统一，台湾海峡对面的一个那么大的政治实体的事实存在是谁也回避不了的现实，美国的总统布什先生不能回避，台湾在朝的民进党有强烈独立倾向的总统陈水扁也不能回避，在野的国民党也同样不能回避。曹长青说台湾的现实是一个独立的国家，但问题是不管是当政的台湾政要还是包括美国在内的几乎整个国际社会都无法面对这个现实，能够面对曹长青所说的“台湾是一个国家”的现实只有曹长青本人和那个已经下台养老不用再顾及政治影响的李前总统，也许还得加上世界上承认台湾的那二十多个国家。在一个民主社会任何极端思想都会被边缘化，那个被曹长青称为“被台湾人钦佩”的前总统因为其下台后不再有所顾忌的极端台独政治立场，他和以他为精神领袖的政党在台湾政坛已经被彻底边缘化，就如追求一国两制统一的李敖在另一个极端被政治边缘化一样。
可能是曹长青先生生在中国长在中国的缘故，他对中国特色的社会主义有了切肤之痛，所以也恨乌及屋，将所有的社会主义有关的理念都视为异端邪恶学说，其中也包括当今两大主流政治流派之一的民主社会主义。我本人也更倾向偏右自由民主思潮，但绝不会完全排斥民主社会主义，更不会走到极端自由的极右道路上。所有的与己相异的观点都是邪恶？那还要民主何用？社会只要按着曹长青所说的真理走下去岂不更好？产生于自由主义宪政土壤之中的社会主义学说，尽管有过歧途，但对人类社会的贡献不容忽视，尤其由原始的马克思社会主义经过改良的民主社会主义与自由民主主义共同成为当今世界两大主流的政治派别。民主社会主义对于义务教育、医疗、养老等社会福利的贡献，对于维护弱势群体权益，对于促进社会公正维持社会平衡都有积极的贡献。事实上，当今世界西方民主社会，处在一个相对较为成熟的政治环境中，美国更倾向于自由民主道路，北欧为代表的欧洲国家多数走的是社会民主道路，两者之间肯定不是曹长青所说的真理与邪恶的关系，而是各有优劣各有利弊，毕竟世界上没有十全十美的事物，在一个开放的公民有自由选择的社会，社会的合力也就是通过民主选择的国家政治道路一定也是合理的。以美国和欧洲国家为例，两者之间并非如曹长青所说美国在任何一个方面都强于欧洲，经济增长率也不是衡量一个国家或一个社会好坏的唯一指标，因为说美国的经济增长率高于欧洲就证明美国模式一定好于欧洲，那么全球增长率最高的中国岂不成为全世界最好的国家，但事实肯定并非如此。美国的失业率比欧洲低近一半，美国的经济增长速度也高于欧洲国家，这些是美国相对欧洲较为先进的方面，但在美国有近四千万人没有医疗保险（其中有不少人是能买得起而不买），黑人社区的生活条件相对较差受教育状况不尽人意期望寿命相对较低。两种政治道路其实是各有优劣，美国的选民不能容忍超过5%的失业率而欧洲的选民不能容忍的是本国的穷人没有社会保障，在民主政治下的各种思潮是相互监督相互竞争相互促进相互补充，绝不是曹长青所说的真理与邪恶的关系，在国家社会的政治活动中占有多大分量应由选民的选票来决定。也正是因为曹长青所说的两个西方两个美国的事实存在才使如今的以美国为代表的西方社会具有丰富多彩的多元化特性，为民主的有效实施提供了基础性保障。曹长青对欧洲社会的批评，既是对民主社会主义的不敬也是对欧洲选民的不尊重，这其中恐怕也有其对民主片面理解的原因，这实在应该避免。
曹长青认为人类20世纪所遭受的苦难的罪魁祸首是知识分子，并说道德主义的相对泛滥、弗洛伊德潜意识学说、马克思主义三大邪恶学说“横扫了20世纪的知识界，几乎俘虏了所有的重要知识分子的大脑”。说这话时曹先生可能忘了，他本人也是20世纪知识分子中的一员，也许他可能不将自己归为“重要知识分子”的行列。将一切社会问题归罪于知识分子这不应该是他的发明，被曹先生极力痛批的毛泽东也曾经将知识分子视为社会毒瘤臭老九，曹长青与毛泽东不同之处恐怕就在于毛掌握了政权而曹只是一个普通的知识分子。曹长青观念中真理和邪恶是如此泾渭分明，这一点上与包括毛泽东在内的历史上的所有专制统治者的想法差别并不大，只有自己的思想才是真理，异端都是邪恶。知识分子所起到的社会作用不过是独立学术的研究者，知识分子的理念是否会成为一个社会的选择知识分子本身不是决定性因素。就以马克西为例，没有欧洲羊吃人的不公正社会的时代背景也就没有以社会公正为核心内涵的马克思主义，经过历史大潮的不断过滤和沉积已经荡涤了其中暴力革命等等的不合理成分。马克思的共产主义理念只能植根于社会极端不公正的欧洲大陆，发芽并畸形生长于更不公正的俄罗斯和中国这样的地方，正如没有羊吃人不公正的欧洲也就没有马克思主义一样，没有沙皇俄国的不公正也就没有十月革命的成功，没有民国社会的不公正也就没有共产革命在中国的成功。在当今的美国和欧洲即使有某些心怀不轨的知识分子煽动也不会出现共产革命，因为
西方社会是相对公正的；现在的俄罗斯共产党党纲中依然没有放弃共产主义的梦想，但俄共总书记久加诺夫也不得不承认现在的俄罗斯不具备革命的条件，尽管俄罗斯的社会问题很多民主也还有待完善，但俄罗斯的社会也是相对公正的，俄共没有煽动民众起义革命的可能。历史的经验已经告诉我们，社会公正才使社会稳定和发展的基础，而这又离不开竞争，商业领域需要竞争，政治同样需要竞争，竞争的目的就是让民众有充分的选择权，而靠“真理——谬误”的一元极端思维是很难体现思想竞争进而维护社会公正的。
不管是在日常生活还是在互联网虚拟世界，几乎每一个中国人的骨子里或多或少都有一个不为人所注意的幽灵挥之不去根深蒂固存在于人的灵魂深处，笔者权且称其为“毛泽东思维”，毛泽东思维也同毛泽东思想一样也是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶，毛泽东结合中共集体的智慧将中国几千年的传统文化和西方马列中的极端思潮于一身，最典型的思维方式就是斗争哲学，体现的就是如曹长青所说的真理和谬误的泾渭分明以及不宽容不妥协。幽灵不仅存在于某些毛泽东的怀念者和信徒追随者身上，就是与毛泽东思想南辕北辙的某些人的思维方式上却在有意无意地深受毛思维的巨大影响，曹长青尽管在思想上是反对毛泽东的极权专制的，可在思维上却深受毛泽东的影响，他口口声声追求的是民主，但民主最重要的基础宽容和妥协却在他的身上很难见到，而对于与己观点相左之人更不用说宽容连最起码的尊重都难以寻觅，不仅敌人支持的一定要反对，就是与敌人沾边搭界的也要极力反对，从他曾经对过世的李慎之和刘宾雁的批评性评论文字可见一斑。过去有一句话“打着红旗反红旗”，曹长青却是用毛泽东式思维方式的红旗反对着毛泽东的行为方式，打着民主的旗号但其所作所为却给民主本身带来了太多的负面效应，不能不让人感到失望和遗憾。
2006年5月11日
Genocide Spectrum: Largest mass killings in History
Genocide Spectrum: Largest mass killings in History
720M Modern deaths if at primitive society rates H Bloom
**************** ALL TIME CHAMPION *************
258M 20th century by govt. "Death by Government"
180M Evil deaths caused by govt or religion in 20th century
120M Partial Total Karl Marx inspired killings
************************************************
105M 20th century war deaths
100M Communist deaths (Book of Communist Crimes, Courtois)
100M African Slaves Middle Passage (Lori Robison, absurd)
60-80M Mao 1994 estimate (#1 person)
45M WWII total (World Almanac)
40M Gengis Khan
40M Influenza of 1918, Worldwide [1]
30M Asians WWII
30M Taiping Rebellion (Chris Fitch)
30M Stalin Purge / Famines
30M Mao Tse Tung Famines
30M Mongol rule of China
25M African Slaves Middle Passage (intermediate)
20M Spanish Flu epidemic 1918 ST 2/24/99
20M-30M Chinese killled by Japanese Rape of Nanking
20M-30M Spanish Decline of Incas -History Mexico
20M Non-Japanese Asians WWII
20M Russian WWII (Cris A Fitch)
20M War dead 19th century
20M Black Death Europe 1348-49
15M WWII soldier SciAm Ju2000
11M African slaves brought to New World (CD-ROM, Gregory)
10M Stalin Famine and Executions
10M Chinese civilians WWII
9M Russian Civil Polish Sci Am Ju2000
9M WWI Military SciAm Ju 2000
6.5M Ethnic Poles and Polish Jews, 20% of pop
6M War dead 18th century, 17th century
6M Chinese Civilians (Japanese War Crimes)
6M Jewish Holocaust (TM, standard figure disputed by
revisionists)
3-6M Died on African slave ships (Black Voyage)
5M Korean War civ+mil (Aviation Week)
3M German soldiers WWII(A. Beyer)
3-10M Congo Free State 1886-1808 (Matthew White)
3M German prisoners / Russia (Foot Soldier)
********** TOP ALLIED ***********************************
3M Japanese WWII
3M Bangladesh Hindu 1971
2.7M French-Am Vietnam SciAm Hu2000
2.5M Napoleonic Wars 1803-1815 SciAm Ju2000
2M 1945 Treaty "Relocations"
2M Vietnam war 1960-75 all sides
2M Vietnam civilians Vietnam Govt est.
2M Chinese WWII
2M Cambodia Killing Fields (TM) Pol Pot ('96)
1.5-2M WWII bombing by all sides "War to be Won, Murray & Millett"
1.5M 20th century earthquakes (savage earth pbs)
1.5M War dead 16th century
1.5M SovAfganistan SciAm Jun2000
1.5M Rwanda / Burundi
1.5M Afghanistan war deaths 1981-2001
1.5M Armenian Genocide (TM)
1.2M Tibet by Chinese since 1950 (Matthew White)
1.1M Azeris by Armenians
1.1M All US War Casualties
1M Muslims in 1952-1962 Algerian War
1M Chin Great Wall construction
1M Bangladesh by Pakistan
1M Irish famine deaths to starvation / disease
1M German soldiers (A. Beyer, revisionist)
1M WWII conventional bombing (PBS Oppenheimer)
1M Chinese Korean War (Cris A Fitch)
750K Vietnam refugees who successfully fled in late 1970s
700K Thought to be killed in Roman Coliseum for public entertainment
650k Slaves brought to US (gregory)
610K Total US-Japan B-29 raids
600K Khmer Health est 1969 Cambodia bombings ???
600K high estimate of allied bombing of Germany
600K US Civil War #1 US
500K Australian aborigines
500K Cambodians by US bombing (Naom Chomsky)
500K Spanish Flu United States 1918-19
500K Idi Amin 1971-79
400K North Korean political prisons US News 2003
400K Vietnam civilian deaths due to communist shelling, rocket, attacks [3]
400K Type A flu epidemics USA since emergence
400K US AIDS deaths to 1998
350K Nuclar bomb deaths
300K Japan forced labor
300K Jews and others in German prison camps (revisionist, boo, hiss)
300K Germans killed by allied bombing WWII
300K Iran/Iraq Gulf War
290K US WWII deaths #2 US
260K Japan conventional bombing deaths
250K High Japan Retaliation for Doolittle Raid (air magazine)
235K Battle of Okinawa, all sides
225K ARVN S. Vietnam comat (Chomsky)
200K Philippines rebellion incl starvation
200K Guatemala generals (Cockburn)
200K Rape of Nanjing(TM)
200K Children sacrificed in Carthage over 200 years.
161K Indonesia volcanos, total
150K 1908 Messina Earthquake
150K Common estimate of Iraqi troops Gulf War
150K Yugoslavia breakup
116K US World War I #4 US
100K Japanese withdrawal from Manila
100K US share of slaves died in transport
80K US WWII allied aircrew losses
80K French in 1952-1962 Algerian War
70K Asian Flu 1957-58 United States
70K Nagasaki
70K Dresden Fire Bombing
60K Japanese POW in Russia
58K Vietnam War US military #4 US
57k US seamen WWII
54K US Korean War #5 US
51K German bombings of UK
50-100K Died in boats fleeing Vietnam communists [3]
50K Claims of US Vietnam civilian bombing deaths [3]
47K Bataan death march / battle
42K London Blitz WWII
36417 Krakatoa tsunami 1883 (Kra..the day)
30K US airmen Europe WWII
30K Mid estimate of Iraq Gulf War
30K Low Japan Retaliation for Doolittle Raid (History Channel)
26k US annual intentional shootings / suicide
28K St Pierre Martinique volcano may 1902
25K German U Boat crew WWII
25K 1973 Arab Israeli war
25K 1967 Arab Israeli war
23k 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano mud flow
22K Boer concentration camps under 16
20K V-2 slave labor force deaths
20K Zimbabwe 1982 Nbedeles by Shona tribe
18K Taiwan 1947 riot suppression
18K Cholera Plague Paris 1932 water
17K WWI Aircrew (Wings)
16K 1841 British withdrawal from Kabul 1 survivor
14K Ferries 1980-2000
12K POWS "River Kawai" railway
3-12k low est. Iraqi troops, ground 1991 based
10-100K 1950s Vietnam communist executions in land reforms [3]
10k USA annual accidental injury / death shootings
10k Gloucester fisherman lost at sea
9,345 Wilhelm Gustoff sinking 1945
8,000 Galveston 1900 Hurricane #1 US Nat Disaster
5k-7k 5,534 to 7,207 Iraq Body Count 2003 War
7,000 Chernobyl explosion 1986
6,800 US Merchant Marine WWII
6,500 German V-1 buzz bombs
6,000 US Revolutionary War
5,000 9/11/2001 airliner attacks in DC/WTC
5,000 Kobe earthquake
5,000 Philipines ferry worst ship ever
3,200 Northern Ireland Violence
4,000 Sultana civil war ship explosion
3,000 2003 France heat wave, lack of a/c
3,000 US Helicopter Vietnam crews, 2nd only to infantry
2,403 Pearl Harbor Attack (US)
2,278 US Desert Storm, Iraqi Civilans
2,048 Italy 1963 landslide into dam
1,522 Titanic sinking
1,426 1990 Mecca pedestrian tunnel
1,100 1979 Sverdlosk Russia anthrax outbreak
1,000 Hanoi civilians 1972 Christmas B-52 bombings
913+Jonestown mass suicide / murder
756 Killed seeking north pole before Peary
500 AP Afghanistan civilians 2001
500 Actual Iraqi bodies recovered by Allies 1991
500 Somalia 1993 US raid, civilians and armed
460 Spanish American war US WSJ 7/2/03
425 NY Times survey of rampage killings since 1949
400 Iraqi claims of bomb shelter hit, 1991
400 Hi estimate of My Lai massacre
320 Port Chicago blast (202 black)
300 Queen Mary burns protestants at the stake 1555
266 Battleship Maine explosion
240 Desert Storm Coalition Casualties
200 WWII US Women casualties
1-200 Paris massacre October 17, 1961 100-200 Algerians killed and
dumped in the Seine).
100s Killed in Vietnam by old bombs annually
100 US Firemen killed annually
146 US Desert Storm Casualties
120 Mountain Meadows Massacre 1857, Mormons
45 1927 school bombing
39 DC Race Riot of 1919
38 Los Angeles Rodney King Riot 1992
34 Los Angeles Watts Riot 1965
31 US Berlin Airlift 189,963 sorties
18 US Battle of Mogadishu Somalia
8 Vietnam US Nurses
3 Bellingham WA gasoline pipeline explosion 1999
China, under Mao, 30 million killed, mainly in the Great Leap Forward.
China, under Mao, 30 million killed, mainly in the Great Leap Forward.
by Hss Friday, Apr. 21, 2006 at 9:26 AM
scan10001.jpg, image/jpeg, 448×651
This graph should speak for itself. However, if it end up too small or the resolution is not clear enough, it is about genocide occurrence from year 1900 to 2005.
It shows that the Nazis killed over 11 million across Germany during WWII.
USSR, 20 million murdered, most under Stalins reign.
China, under Mao, 30 million killed, mainly in the Great Leap Forward.
In the Philippines, 60,000 during Marcos reign.
Source: Barbara Harff, Srassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. NG Maps.
Mao's Legacy in China's Current Development
What Does China Want?
What Does China Want?
Rotting fruits of revolution
|
Rotting fruits of revolution Michel Faber applauds Yiyun Li’s collection of short stories, A Thousand Years Of Good Prayers A Thousand Years Of Good Prayers Among the most poignant books I own is The Seeds, a 1972 anthology of stories by Chinese writers celebrating the achievements of Mao’s disastrous Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. With tales such as “Raiser of Sprouts” and “A Night In Potato Village”, the disciples of utopia did their best to produce a brave new literature – despite being forbidden, on pain of death, to write about anything but tractors, seeds and fertiliser. Three decades on, that China is gone. Capitalism has sown the same freedoms, fragmentations, hopes and resentments as in other former communist regimes. A younger generation of Chinese writers, many of them recent émigrés to the west, have emerged to document – freely, at last – what they’ve witnessed. Yiyun Li, whose debut collection A Thousand Years of Good Prayers has won the Frank O’Connor International short story award, was born the same year The Seeds came out. What has she witnessed? A nation churned up yet still torpid, a people harassed by change yet haunted by the past. Granny Lin in “Extra” is honourably retired (ie, laid off) from a Beijing garment factory, only to become the wife-cum-nurse of a senile old man. Briskly disinherited after his death, she finds fleeting happiness as a laundry maid in a private school, before being cast adrift again. Mr Pang in “Death Is Not a Bad Joke If Told In the Right Way” still goes to work each day at the office, despite having been stripped of his wage and his identity papers years ago. A parasite on his family, he sleeps and eats in a filthy room with a pet rooster. Mr Su in “After a Life” haunts internet cafés, puzzled by the reluctance of his much-studied stock-market investments to increase in vlue. At home, he and his wife care for their severely brain-damaged daughter, a secret from the authorities. Yiyun’s confidence as a storyteller lends her fiction a traditional air, but there’s nothing old-fashioned about her perspective. With deceptive ease, she fuses the personal, political and historical. Granny Lin, “dazed by all the choices she has” when her ancient little television with its “antenna made of two steel chopsticks” is supplanted by a multi-channel monster, loses interest in TV altogether. Elsewhere, a craze for imported orchids prompts would-be connoisseurs to plough fortunes into the black market, only to be humiliated when the flowers go out of fashion and “the price drops so fast that they are now cheaper than weeds”. Whereas communism whipped up feverish appetite for rewards that never came, the characters in A Thousand Years of Good Prayers are surrounded by the rotting fruits of their struggle. But Yiyun has much more to offer than post-Marxist confusion. When I’ve sampled other recent Chinese writing, I’ve had a sense of western publishers being seduced by the novelty of it all, snapping up authors with dramatic personal histories and slim talents. Yiyun is the real deal. In common with her contemporaries, she eschews self-consciously literary language and crafts simple, pared-down prose. Too often, in other hands, this amounts to fictionalised journalism, or else a crass oriental spin on chick-lit. Yiyun has the talent, the vision and the respect for life’s insoluble mysteries to be a truly fine writer. There is a strangeness at the heart of her fiction that comes from somewhere other than China – a world inside the author. “Immortality”, with its disquieting blend of realism and fable, is the most overtly artful piece here. It chronicles the life of a child “born with the dictator’s face”. (Mao’s name is not mentioned, and the story works equally well if you imagine Stalin.) The doppelganger’s career in propaganda movies is handled with deadpan humour, but we are kept off-balance by a piteous parallel narrative about imperial eunuchs and by the sheer horror of quotes from the tyrant’s speeches. Written only five years after Yiyun emigrated to the US to study medicine, “Immortality” won the Paris Review’s Plimpton prize for first fiction. The fact that Yiyun writes in English rather than in her mother tongue causes occasional oddities in her text. Closer collaboration with an editor or a sympathetic reader would have ironed out some needless glitches of syntax and grammar. But compared to some other US-based Chinese authors, whose prose reads as though it was rewritten wholesale by American editors, she retains a distinctive voice. “A foreign country gives one foreign thoughts,” reflects Mr Shi, the rootless, self-deluding protagonist of the collection’s title piece, but Yiyun has an impressive ability to write perceptively about lost people rather than being lost herself: a crucial difference. Impressive, too, is her instinct to avoid the obvious and facile. “Love In the Marketplace” at first seems a stoic portrait of Sansan, a dowdy schoolteacher, jilted by her fiancé many years before. Then, when Sansan is offered a bizarre opportunity to prove that promises need nt always be discarded “like used napkins”, the story takes a startling, erotic detour, slashing open the enigma of self-esteem. In “The Princess of Nebraska”, Boshen, a gay man, has smuggled himself to America via a sham marriage to a “newly naturalised” lesbian pal. This sensational set-up is barely touched upon: the real focus of the story is Boshen’s awkward alliance with the pregnant, bewildered Sasha, another displaced person. Each of them is burdened by stupid decisions and pitiless circumstances, but not yet immune to hope. Curious to see a street parade in Chicago, Sasha pushes through the crowd, noting: “They looked so young and carefree, these Americans, happy as a group of pupils on a field trip … They were born to be themselves, naïve and contented with their naivety.” In all these stories, potential clichés are dismantled as characters are granted depth, shrewdness and perverse individuality. The countless lives ruined by Chinese history cannot be unruined, but perhaps a book like A Thousand Years of Good Prayers is the best possible revenge against the insular simple-mindedness that once ruled Chinese literature. · Michel Faber’s most recent book is The Fahrenheit Twins (Canongate)
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毕节法院宣布择日宣判李元龙案审理结果 【2006年5月14日狱委讯】蔡楚编辑报道/赵昕供图/“李元龙煽动颠覆国家政权案”，北京时间11日上午9时在毕节法院首次开庭审理，记者了解，中午休庭，下午3点继续开庭。经过一天的法庭辩护和审理,下午4：30庭审结束，毕节法院宣布择日宣判记者李元龙煽动颠覆国家政权案审理结果。 带着手铐走出法院的记者李元龙 参与旁听的李元龙家属和友人庭审后和律师的合影。 参与旁听的李元龙家属和友人庭审后和律师的合影。 二零零六年五月十一日，美国总统布什在白宫会见了我、王怡、李柏光等三位兼有异议作家或人权律师身份的基督徒、家庭教会成员。此次具有象征性的会面，被许多国际媒体称之为“破冰之约”。 【一】 &n 让我消失吧， 毕节法院宣布择日宣判李元龙案审理结果
余杰:白宫“炉边会谈”背后的剑戟
参与会见的网络作家和宪政学者王怡，在会谈中引述了一段在一百九十九年前第一位来华传教的英国传教士马礼逊的典故：当年马礼逊为进入中国大陆，在澳门整整等待了六年时间；而此次布什总统会见中国的基督徒，也是在其担任总统六年之后方才得以实现。对此，布什总统作了一个小小的纠正：在去年年底访华的时候，他特意参加了北京的一个教堂的礼拜活动，虽然那个教堂是被官方的“三自教会”控制的教堂，但他认为其中许多人都是真正的基督徒。也就是说，此前他已经见过了中国的基督徒。尽管如此，此次的会见意义仍然超乎寻常，这是美国对中共当军发出的强有力的信号：宗教信仰自由乃是不可被任何世俗政权剥夺的基本人权。
此次会面，既是一九四九年以来美国在职总统第一次会见来自中国大陆的家庭教会成员，也是最近十多年来美国总统第一次会见没有任何官职的中国民间人士。会见的整个过程是轻松愉快的，布什总统沉浸其中，不知不觉，时间由原定的半个小时延长到了一个小时。总统谈到了自己的信仰见证，谈到了第一夫人在家里的“权威”，也谈到了家乡米德兰的父老乡亲；客人们也向这位主内的弟兄分享了各自的信仰历程和工作、生活情况。虽然会谈中也涉及到了中国家庭教会如何取得合法地位、美中贸易和人权的关系、雅虎泄密导致中国作家入狱等敏感问题，但总体而言这更像是一场家常式的“炉边谈话”。
但是，在这场随意的“炉边谈话”背后，却隐藏着美中外交乃至全球民主化浪潮的惊涛骇浪。在会见前夕，据一位白宫官员透露，美方已接到中共使馆的信息，要求取消此次会见，因为“此三人不具备代表性且有政治意图”。美方内部对此次会见也存在一定的分歧，某些高级官员担心此举会激怒中方，并影响美中关系，亦建议白宫取消此次会面。甚至直到会面之前的一天，美方高层仍然在评估其利弊。估计中共方面也动用了其重金聘请的华府游说团体以及波音、微软等与中国“利益相关”的企业，参与“反对会谈”的运作活动。然而，白宫顾问、总统首席撰稿人麦克•格森及切尼副总统坚决支持会谈。当我们走进布什总统的“橙色客厅”的时候，发现切尼副总统果然在座。按照惯例，类似的会谈副总统一般是不会出席的。切尼虽然始终没有插话，却一直十分认真地倾听我们介绍的所有信息。
布什总统最后决定与排除一切干扰而我们会面，除了以上二人的建议之外，还有来自德州米德兰老家的影响力。推动此次会面的“对华援助协会”是一个专门帮助遭受迫害的中国基督徒的非政府非盈利机构，其总部即设置在米德兰，深得德州信仰敬虔的福音派基督徒的支持。这部分保守派人士亦构成布什最大的“票源”，是铁杆的“价值投票”，再加上老乡情谊，遂使得布什总统作出最后的决断。从某种意义上来说，这次会谈真正的幕后推手乃是占据美国人口二成多的福音派基督徒群体，这次会谈的成功实现亦体现出福音派基督徒对美国政治生活的巨大影响力。于是，一个吊诡的事实出现了：此次会谈是由所谓“政治不正确”的力量达成了“政治正确”。阿海:余秋雨的行者无知―评《行者无疆》
告别薇依
以使我所目睹的这些事物变得更美好，
因为它们将不再是我所见的那些事物。
西蒙娜·薇依(Simowe Weil 1909-1943)是一位法国的奇女子，以上是她的临终遗言。这位对共产主义亦保持怀疑态度的知识分子，却拥有着真正为全世界劳动人民奋斗的决心。以至于即便用“我是法国人民的女儿，我深情地爱着我的祖国和人民”来形容她也只是以偏概全。
她从著名的巴黎高等师范学院毕业后，成为了一名中学教师。虽然羸弱、多病、近视，然而这位林妹妹天生具有藐视权势的特质。她用自己的理念授课，鼓励学生抵制教科书，大胆想象，置疑真理，不盲从任何教义和学说。她在课上指责法国的“诺曼底号”邮船劳民伤财，应该把这些钱用在建造工人住宅，为此几乎被“爱国”学生围攻。
她是中产阶级出身，但她对此毫不留恋。她渴望了解底层人民的疾苦，从而设法疗治他们的苦难。这种了解绝非是慰问、采风这样简单。她把每个月的绝大部分薪水拿出来给资助贫困工人，给他们买书籍、文具，组织学习小组，自己则贫困到冬天生炉子的钱都没有。她亲自加入冶金厂做体力活，每小时完成400～600个零件，累到下班后无法提笔，但她认为唯有如此才能切实找到解救困顿的良方。她极端鄙视在书斋或咖啡馆轻松为工人开出药方的知识分子。《第二性》的作者伏波娃曾对薇依表示“革命的首要问题是为工人的生存找到某种意义。”薇依听后轻蔑的表示“您肯定从未挨过饿。”
她是博爱的，所以终身未婚，她爱的全世界受苦受难的工人和农民，唯一不同的是薇依并未完全得到他们的理解和赞许。而在同时，薇依对工人运动又是持保留态度的。在她眼里，革命本来就是反抗社会的非正义，更严重的是，对于单个的革命群众而言，很可能在革命后重新沦陷于所谓“工人帝国主义”。所以，她被左翼和右翼同时排斥，无论斯大林还是托洛茨基都对她没有好感。
薇依鄙视党派。她认为真理是一个整体，党派的作用恰巧是分割了这个整体，像教派一样各拥山头，然后彼此辩论不休。所以，她主张取消政府和党派。
薇依厌恶政治，但是又极力投身政治活动。她的政治哲学是从“爱”出发的。西班牙内战的时候，她主动要求进入佛朗哥占领区。二战时，她参加了戴高乐的“战斗的法兰西运动”。甚至在巴黎沦陷，她随全家远走美国后，她又迅速通过同学关系返回巴黎参加地下斗争。然而，战士们并不认为这个矮小、瘦弱、文静的女孩能起到什么实质作用。
尽管薇依 “手、脚、脸是黑的,脚上还有牛屎”，但是她也站在知识分子的立场上大声喊出了自己的观点。在巴黎地下工作时期，她留下了《伦敦论文集》、《压迫与自由》、《扎根》等文集，已经开始为战后法国的命运思考。然而，尽管她甚至睿智到提前六年就预判到苏德会签订互不侵犯条约，但是她的文字始终没有在主流知识界掀起一丝波澜。不过薇依对此毫不在意，因为清谈的知识界是她不屑涉足的地方。
在精神、物质的双重困顿下，薇依信仰了上帝，但是拒绝加入教会，因为宗教裁判所的历史让她反感。同时，她心中的上帝是软弱的，“上帝允许我在他以外的地方存在。”“唯有远离上帝，才能接近上帝，上帝所能给予的信心、力量和勇气，唯在永远的期待之中。”
在巴黎，薇依病倒了。然而她拒绝营养补给，除了基本维持生命的食物，她甚至排斥鸡蛋和苹果，理由是“自己无权比留在法国的同胞吃的更多。”与此对比，朱自清的遗言已经成为米粒之光。
照亮黑暗的光，最先穿透自己。薇依的悲哀在于，她朴实的思想体系过于宏大，她试图以自己潺弱的身躯、短暂的人生，去实现人类个体自由，即完全摆脱奴役状态这个终极目标，这实在是她无法承受之重。
知识分子如何摆脱依附性是一个难题。“分子”的性质，使得即便如薇依般圣洁的献身，仍然不脱唐吉诃德式的单枪匹马。然而，从理想意义上说，薇依是杰出的——为真理，为信念奉献青春和生命——必定为由知识分子组成的璀璨画卷增光添彩。萨义德说，真正的知识分子应该是一个业余者。而薇依的行动早已证明，真正的知识分子不但应该是一个业余者，更应该是一个孤独者。
告别薇依，不是为了遗忘。感谢你演绎的人生，为后世作出表率。踩着你的尸骨前进，必将使你欣悦。